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!! Absolutes and Relativism
(the affect of relativity theory on theology)
(Week 9 of SBTS 28960)
A.
Biblically,
1. God, God’s attributes, and God’s word are absolutes:
a. Something can be absolute in the sense of being completely independent (= self-existent, uncreated, without need of sustaining): God is such an absolute because only God is truly independent (Deu.
4:35; 32:39; Isa.
43:10-12; 44:6; 45:18; I Cor.
8:4-6).
b. Something can be absolute in the sense of being infinite (= without bound): God and His attributes are absolutes because only God & His attributes are infinite (/e.g./ Deu.
3:24; Job 42:2; Ps. 95:3; 145:3; 147:5; Is. 40:28; Mat.
19:26; Luke 1:37; I Jn.
3:20; Rev. 1:8).
c. Something can be absolute in the sense of being completely pure (= incorruptible, infallible, without sin~/error, true): God, His attributes and His word are absolutes because only God (Deu.
32:4; II Sa. 22:31; I Ki.
8:61; Job 25:4-5; Ps. 18:30; 25:8; 33:5; 34:8; 100:5; 103:17; 119:68; 145:7-9; Is.63:7; Jer.
10:10; 33:11; Nah.
1:7; Mat.
5:48; 19:17; Rom.
3:23; 11:22; I Th.
1:19; He. 4:15; Rev. 15:3), His attributes (Ps.
119:142; Is. 26:4), and His word (II Sa. 7:28; Ps. 12:6; 18:30; 19:7-8; 119:7-8, 140, 142, 144, 160; Pr. 30:5; Rom.
7:12; I Tim.
1:8; Rev. 16:7) are pure.
d. Something can be absolute in the sense of being immutable (= unchanging, sure, firm, certain, dependable, eternal, forever): God, His attributes and His word are absolutes because only God (Gen.
21:33; Deu.
33:27; Ps. 41:13; 90:2; 93:2; 106:48; Is. 40:28; 63:16; Jer.
10:10; Mic.
5:2; Hab.
1:12; Rom.
1:20; 16:26; He. 9:14; I Tim.
1:17; Rev. 1:8), His attributes (Deu.
33:27; Ps. 103:17; Is. 54:8; Jer.
31:3; Hab.
3:6; Rom.
1:20; I Tim.
6:16), His word (I Ki. 8:56; Ps. 93:5; 111:7; Eze.
12:25; Dan.
9:12; Mat.
5:18; 24:35; Mark 13:31; Luke 16:17; 21:33), and His promises (Gen.
9:16; 17:7, 13, 19; Lev.
16:34; 24:8; II Sa. 23:5; I Chr.
16:17; Ps. 105:10; Is. 55:3; 61:8; Jer.
32:40; Eze.
16:60; 37:26) are immutable.
e. And, /because/ God, God’s attributes and God’s word exist forever, there are ontological truths which are absolutes in the sense of persisting forever.
For example:
A) infinity, unity, distinction, number (which become foundational assumptions of mathematics)
B) unity, distinction, diversity, disparity, identity, hierarchy (which, as He reveals Himself in His creation, become foundational assumptions of systematics)
C) being, personhood, personality, life, soul, spirit, authority, holiness, righteousness, purity, justice, love, goodness, beauty, power, knowledge wisdom, free will, constancy
2. Truths exist which are absolute in the sense of applying to all things created, both physically and spiritually.
For example:
a.
There is an actual and singular origin, history, and fate of all things made because aside from God all things are created.
b. God is sovereign: All things were created by God (I Chr.
29:14; Ex. 20:31; John 1:3; Acts 14:15; 17:24; Rom.
11:36; I Cor.
8:6; Eph.
3:9; Col. 1:16; Heb.
2:10; 3:4; Rev. 4:11), all things are sustained by God (Acts 17:25; Rom.
11:36; Col. 1:16; Heb.
1:3), and all events in history are determined and planned by God (Acts 17:26; I Cor.
15:27).
c. Glorification and pleasure of God is the purpose of everything created (Psa.
19:1; Isa.
43:7; 66:18; I Cor.
10:31; Rev. 4:11).
d. [for humans, and probably for angels] Loving, serving, and obeying God with all one’s heart, soul, spirit, and mind is right (Deu.
11:13; 13:3; Josh.
22:5; Mark 12:30).
Anything short of that is sin.
e. [for all humans and probably for all angels] The moral standard set by God is the only right one (since only God’s goodness, love, righteousness, justice, authority, /and/ knowledge is infinite).
(/e.g./ Ps. 48:10; 97:2; 119:137; 145:17)
f. [after the creation of Adam] Honoring God’s image is right.
Dishonoring, damaging, murdering God’s image is sin (comp.
Gen. 1:26-7, 5:1; 9:6; James 3:9).
g.
The wages of sin is death (Rom.
6:23).
3. Truths exist which are absolute in the sense of applying to the entire physical creation (/i.e./ for all physical time; cosmically).
For example:
a. Matter and body are truths forever after the creation (because matter is even recreated for the new heavens and earth (Isa.
65:17; 66:22; Rev. 21:1)and our bodies (Rom.
6:5; I Cor.
15; Rev. 20:5-6) and Christ’s body (Acts 2:31-32; 4:33; 24:15; Luke 24:34-43) are apparently made of matter forever in heaven)
b.
The law of corruption and decay (the curse) applies to the entire physical creation between the fall and glorification of man (/e.g./ Rom.
8:18-22).
4. Truths exist which are absolute in the sense of applying to all humans.
For example:
a. Humans loving other humans as themselves (Mark 12:31; Rom.
13:9) is right.
Any response to another human short of that is sin.
b. Humans are to have dominion over the creation (Gen.
1:26-28; Ps. 8:6-8).
c. Humans are to fill the earth (Gen.
1:28; 9:1).
d. Humans are to work for six days and rest the seventh day, setting it apart to God (Ex.
20:8-11; 31:15; 35:2; Lev.
23:3; Deu.
5:12-14).
e.
All (non-divine humans) have sinned (Rom.
3:23), salvation is by faith alone (Rom.
3:28; Philippians 3:9; Heb.
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