④ to extend a welcome, receive in(to) one’s home or circle of acquaintances

② to cause damage to or mistreat

① to be indebted to someone in a financial sense

to charge with a financial obligation

to make compensation, pay damages

owe besides, still owe (POxy 101, 42 and oft. pap) τινί τι someth. to someone of debts outstanding

Æ 1. Voluntative Optative (a.k.a Optative of Obtainable Wish, Volitive Optative)

a. Definition

This is the use of the optative in an independent clause to express an obtainable wish or a prayer. It is frequently an appeal to the will, in particular when used in prayers.

to be the recipient of a favor or benefit or to have someth. for one’s use, have benefit of, enjoy.

The word translated “benefit” (the verb onaimēn) is somewhat similar to the name “Onesimus” (Onēsimos), and a number of interpreters suggest therefore that Paul might intend another play on words (as in v. 11): “You, Philemon, will truly be ‘Onesimus’ (“useful”) to me.” It is argued, to the contrary, that the verb is not all that unusual.143 But, in fact, the verb is found only here in the New Testament and only once in the LXX, so it is unusual enough. Paul may well intend the pun.

① to cause someone to gain relief from toil,

② as often in the ancient world, inner body parts served as referents for psychological aspects

② The 2 pf. (w. plpf.) has pres. mng. (B-D-F §341; Rob. 881), to be so convinced that one puts confidence in someth.

① a state of being in compliance, obedience (one listens and follows instructions)

• of obedience to God’s chosen representatives, the apostle and his emissaries

① petition addressed to deity, prayer