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Introduction to Galatians
References:
- Word Studies in the Greek New Testament, Kenneth S. Wuest
From Wuest, three questions:
1.
Where were the Galatian churches located?
2. Who were the Galatians?
3. Who were the Judaizers and what did they teach?
1) Location
a) North Galatian Theory
b) South Galatian Theory - Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe
c) Dr. Henry Clarence Thiessen, B.D., Ph.D., D.D., chairman of the Department of Bible, Theology, and
Philosophy at Wheaton College wrote Introduction to the New Testament:
i) Southern Galatia on his first missionary journey with Barnabas, as they traveled through Antioch,
Iconium, Lystra, Derbe (Acts 13:1 - 14:28).
ii) Northern Galatia (Acts 16:6, Luke using the term in its geographical sense) on his second
missionary journey (Acts 15:36 - 18:22)
iii) Northern Galatia on his third missionary journey, visiting the disciples he made on his second
journey (Acts 18:23).
(1) “Disciples” in the north
(2) “Churches” in the south
2) Who were the Galatians?
a) Methods of evangelism
i) Persecution.
Acts 8:1-4
ii) Paul established churches around the capitals of Roman provinces
b) How Paul lands in Galatia
i) 1st missionary journey / Paul gets sick in Antioch / teaches along trade route
c) Galatian religious tension
i) Oriental mysticism vs Greek / Roman schools of philosophy.
ii) The Jewish synagogue provided an appealing system of legalistic compliance.
d) The Galatians were:
i) Primarily comprised of Gentiles who observed Christ as the savior of the world.
ii) The Galatians of the churches of Galatia were for the most part Greeks and Jews in flourishing
cities situated along primary routes of trade and government.
- Wuest.
3) Who were the Judaizers and what did they teach?
a) Adam taught his sons the requirement of the blood sacrifice.
i) Cain rejected salvation by faith in a substitutionary sacrifice, substituted personal merit.
ii) Abel accepted the sacrificial, substitutionary death of Chris on the cross.
b) Israel vs Remnant
c) At the 1st Advent both the parties were represented:
i) Zacharias, Elizabeth, Mary, the disciples, etc represented the remnant
ii) The priests, Pharisees, Sadducees represented the other group, who still followed the Mosaic Law
d) Two pronged attach on Christianity
i) Substitute good works for faith in Christ - answered by Galatians
ii) Invalidate the work of Christ and go back to Law - answered by Hebrews
e) The Judaizers were unsaved people trying to maintain the Jewish national religion over Christianity.
f) Teaching of the Judaizers.
i) Judaizers have confidence in the flesh.
V.4 “Have come to a settled persuasion”
ii) Phil 3:5, Human accomplishments:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Circumcision as a requirement for salvation, Acts 15:1
“Of the stock of Israel” - opposed by John in Matt 3:9, Christ in John 8:39
Ecclesiastical position (Pharisee) provides acceptance by God.
Faithful observance of Law provides acceptance with God.
Opposed in Rom 9:30-10:3, Israel
failed in obtaining righteousness because it rejected God’s righteousness - Christ.
Paul says
that someone without sin could reach righteousness by keeping the whole law, Rom 10:5-6.
But no sinner can keep the whole law - so the law cannot produce the righteousness of God.
Paul seeks the righteousness found in Christ, not the law, Phil 3:9.
(5) Paul says he could rely on all the things that the Judaizers were claiming, but he rejects them
in favor of Christ.
- The Judaizers were unbelievers - .
iii) Rom 2:17-3:8 salvation is not based on Jewish ancestry, law or circumcision
iv) Rom 4, salvation not by:
(1) Works, v.1-8
(2) Ordinances, v.9-12
(3) Observing law, v.13-25.
(4) Abraham saved prior to circumcision, v.9-10.
v) Phil 1:14-18 Paul, in a Roman prison, teaches that many gained courage
vi) The Book of Hebrews teaches us that the 1st century Jewish attack on Christianity desired to
return to the Levitical sacrifices.
The writer shows from the Old Testament that the Messiah is
better than: Prophets of Israel / Angels of God / Moses, Joshua and Aaron
vii) Observance of the feasts, Gal 4:10-11 “You observe days and months and seasons and years.
I
fear for you, that perhaps I have labored over you in vain.”
viii) The Judaizers did not push the sacrifices because the Galatians were only attracted to the pure
monotheism and high precepts of the Jewish synagogue - they rejected the teaching of salvation
by substitutionary sacrifice.
g) Judaizers tried to undo Paul’s work:
i) Show that Paul was not really an apostle.
They argued that he:
(1) Was not one of the original 12 apostles
(2) Not listened to Christ’s voice
(3) Not seen Christ’s face
(4) Not attended Christ’s ministry
(5) Not sent out by Christ in His express command
(6) Not received the gospel by direct revelation from Christ rather that he got it second-hand
from the other apostles
ii) The Judaizers exchanged pure grace with salvation-by-works
h) Paul answers all the questions by writing the letter to the Galatians:
i) Personal; Ch 1 & 2, defends his Apostolic authority
ii) Doctrinal; Ch 3 & 4 Salvation by grace before Mosaic Law given
iii) Practical; Ch 5 & 6 Emphasizes the ministries of the Holy Spirit in life of believers
Analysis of the Letter
Personal
1) Paul defends his apostolic authority as having divine origin.
Ch. 1 and 2
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