The Law: A Quick Survey of Romans 2-8
Is the law still for today?
In other words do we still have responsibility to the law?
If we are free from the law—meaning on this side of the cross the law holds no authority over us,,,
Is it ok to lie? Or put in another way is it lawful to lie?
Is it ok or lawful to kill?
What about stealing? Is that lawful?
Hopefully you are thinking already and starting to form an opinion… lets base our opinion in biblical fact in order to end with a biblical belief. – Today we will explore the topic of law and in doing this we will take a very brief survey of Romans. I will jump around a bit pulling out certain verses—I trust that you will check up on me by reading and studying Romans 2-8.
First lest get some background on the book of Romans. Rom 1:1 Paul introduces himself by name Paul, by identity a bondservant, by vocation apostle and by purpose separated for the gospel of YHWH. Paul wrote Romans while in Corinth around 57 AD. This would be after his 3rd evangelistic journey. Based on the style of writing and the lack of personal greetings scholars conclude Paul didn’t personally know the Christains at Rome but their faith was know to him. Most believe Paul was writing mainly to introduce himself there so that he could use Rome as a spring board for his fourth evangelistic journey to Spain. This journey of course never happened. Romans is unique, in that it holds the most complete Pauline Doctrine. It is the longest of all his epistles and truly walks the reader through NT theology.
Of important note, about 7 years earlier (50 AD) Paul went to Jerusalem for the Jerusalem Council. Here the apostles decided what was required or not required for gentile converts to Christianity. Acts 15 tells us they concluded with 4 regulations: 1) Abstain from things polluted by idols. 2) Abstain from sexual immorality 3) Abstain from things strangled 4) abstain from blood.
Romans 2
Rom 2:2 But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things[i]
Truth
237 ἀλήθεια (alētheia), ας (as), ἡ (hē): n.fem.; ≡ DBLHebr 622; Str 225; TDNT 1.232—LN 70.3–70.4 truth, i.e., that which is in accord with what really happens, facts that correspond to a reality, whether historical (in the time/space continuum) (Lk 4:25; Ac 4:27), or an eternal reality not limited to historical fact
[ii]
Rom 2:6 Who will render to every man according to his deeds:[iii]
Deeds
2240 ἔργον (ergon), ου (ou), τό (to): n.neu.; ≡ DBLHebr 4856, 5126; Str 2041; TDNT 2.635—1. LN 42.11 act., deed, activity (Jn 10:32; 1Co 12:6); 2. LN 42.42 work, assigned task, job (Mk 13:34); 3. LN 42.12 workmanship, the result of one’s work (1Co 9:1)
[iv]
If the law is of no effect, then by what means will YHWH use as the standard? Is there another standard mentioned in the biblical text?
12 For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; 13 (For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.[v]
The law of Nature
Roman Jurisprudence was familiar with the conception of a law of Nature, which became law of the nations (jus gentium) so that certain principles could be assumed as obtaining among those who had not the knowledge of the Roman code; and in accordance with these principles the dealings between the Romans and barbarians could be regulated. [Paul’s concept in Rom 2 reflects this sentiment in man’s relation to YHWH.]
Oh but brother Todd what about all those people deep in the darkest part of the jungle who haven’t seen an person since they left the tower of babble?
See Romans 1:19-20 and 2:14-15
See James 1:22-24 (be doers of the word)
Word
3364 λόγος (logos), ου (ou), ὁ (ho): n.masc.; ≡ DBLHebr 1821; Str 3056; TDNT 4.69—[vi]
3. LN 33.260 gospel, the content of what is preached about Christ (Ac 19:20; Col 3:16; Mk 16:20 v.r.);[vii]
Oh but brother Todd, the word and the law cant be the same thing can it? They don’t even have the same greek strong’s number… you would be right that they do not have the same greek number… we will get to if they refer to the same thing latter.
V13
For not the hearers of the law are just before God, but the doers of the law shall be justified.[viii]
Law
3795 νόμος (nomos), ου (ou), ὁ (ho): n.masc.; ≡ DBLHebr 9368; Str 3551; TDNT 4.1022—1. LN 33.333 law, rule prescribing what a person must do (Ro 3:27; Heb 7:16); 2. LN 33.55 the Law, Torah, the Pentateuch, the first five books of Moses (Mt 11:13; Lk 24:44; Jn 1:45; Ac 28:23; Ro 5:13; Jn 8:5 v.r.); 3. LN 33.56 the Scriptures, the Holy Writings, the Tanakh, not limited to the first five books of the Christian OT (Jn 10:34); 4. LN 33.58 ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται (ho nomos kai hoi prophētai), the sacred writings (Mt 5:17; 7:12; 22:40; Lk 16:16; Ac 13:15; Ro 3:21+); 5. LN 33.341 νόμος τοῦ ἀνδρός (nomos tou andros), marriage law (Ro 7:2+)
[ix]
Doer
4475 ποιητής (poiētēs), οῦ (ou), ὁ (ho): n.masc.; ≡ Str 4163; TDNT 6.458—1. LN 42.20 doer, a keeper, an obeyer (Ro 2:13; Jas 1:22, 23, 25; 4:11+); 2. LN 33.25 poet (Ac 17:28+)
[x]
Justified
1467 δικαιόω (dikaioō): vb.; ≡ DBLHebr 7405; Str 1344; TDNT 2.211—1. LN 34.46 put right with, justify, vindicate, declare righteous, i.e., cause one to be in a right relation (Ro 3:24); 2. LN 88.16 show to be right, demonstrate to something is morally just (Ro 3:4); 3. LN 56.34 acquit, remove guilt, set free, i.e., clear of a transgression (Ac 13:38); 4. LN 37.138 set free, release from the control of (Ro 6:7); 5. LN 36.22 obey righteous commands (Lk 7:29)
[xi]
Who is a Jew? Are you a Jew?
R2:24-29
Circumcism….
Truly what’s needed is… Gal 6:15 cir and uncir avails nothing…but a new creation
Deut 30:6 YHWH will cir your heart and your children’s heart
The jew is one inward…. Ie YHWH doesn’t look on the outside he looks on the inside…
Saul rejected as king 1 sam 15:22-23
David anointed as king 1 sam 16:7 --- YHWH looks on the heart.
Isa 1 11&16 washed cf with EPH 5:26 washed by the water of the word
Phil 3:3 we are the cir who worship YHWH in spirit. (whats opposite of the spirit? Flesh possibly but in Paul’s writings it is the letter of the law… which is merely obedience in the flesh and not in heart)
Recap CHAPTER 2
We are judged by our deeds
Its not the hearers but the doers of the law are justified
The true Jew is circumcised in heart
Chapter 3
R3:6 How will YHWH judge the world?
Rom 3:19-20
19 Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guiltyb before God. 20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.[xii]
Oh now brother Todd what are you and Paul doing to us? Are you trying to confuse us? You just told us in Chapter 2 that the doers of the law were justified now you tell me that the deeds of the law justify no flesh. So which is it?
Here’s a little illustration that might can help us…
Little Johnny told to stand but inside he’s sitting.
21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; 22 Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: 23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God; 24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:[xiii]
Righteousness does not come from works or the deeds of the law. Righteousness comes from YHWH alone. It comes by means of the Blood of Yeshua.
The redeeming work of Christ provides what the law had failed to provide, righteousness which can satisfy the requirements of the law; a righteousness that is indeed “apart from the law: apart from all men’s attempts to keep the law, but is never the less in deepest harmony with the principles of the law, and has been witnessed “by the law and the prophets”
V27 tells us that boasting can only be done through the law of faith… Interesting note, even in faith we are not getting a way from law. Notice it is called the LAW OF FAITH.
31 Do we then make void the law through faith? God forbid: yea, we establish the law.
[xiv]
Establish
2705 ἵσταμαι (histamai), ἱστάνω (histanō), ἵστημι (histēmi): vb.; ≡ Str 2476; TDNT 7.638—1. LN 85.40 put, cause to be in a place, place, make stand (Mt 18:2; Ac 5:27; 6:13; Jn 8:3 v.r.); 2. LN 76.20 maintain, uphold; to acknowledge the validity of something (Ro 3:31);[xv]
Illustrated Bible Handbook – Richards
Faith does not make law irrelevant. Instead faith upholds the law. Faith looking into the law should give revelation to the believer his/her need for righteousness which can only be found through faith in Christ’s work.
We’ve talked about law for two chapters now but not fully explained or defined what LAW is or means. So, let’s do so now.
Law
The function of the OT law is to reveal the law giver who is YHHW, reveal sin, and guide people towards holiness.
In the NT could conceivably refer to possibly three distinct things:
- Or the Law as defined by the “Moral Law” or as we call them the Ten Commandments.
- The Law of Moses or the Pentateuch or as we know them as Genesis, Exodus, Levitcus, Numbers & Deuteronomy.
- The Old Testament in its entirety
A possible 4th option would be the mass of human traditions that had grown up to explain the Old Testament.
On Mount Sinai, YHWH gave to Moses the “Moral Law” or the 10 Commandments. This was given to the Hebrews just after their exodus. This would initiate the Old Covenant. On Mount Pisgah just prior to entering the Promised Land YHWH reiterated the law. This giving of the law initiated the Law Covenant.
The first five books of the bible are generally known as the Pentateuch but often times called the Torah. But to be more specific, the term Torah should refer to the Moral Law or the Ten Commandments. The word Torah means among other things, the express image of YHWH. As I mentioned earlier, the first function of the law is to reveal the law giver. The Hebrew word Torah captures that essence.
Exodus 19:5-6 shows us YHWH gave his law as an expression of love for his people, to advance their best interest.
The law was given specifically to Israel but it rests on eternal moral principles that are consistent with YHWH’s character. Thus it is a summary of fundamental and universal standards.
Now by the time of Yeshua, the traditions which were first used to explain the Old Testament really diluted the law to rules and regulations called the Traditions of the Elders. It is said that there were 613 of these traditions 248 Thou shalt nots and 365 thou shalts. As we know there are 248 bones in the human body and 365 days a year. So, as the Jewish saying goes, with every bone in my body every day of the year I will serve the lord.
Chapter 4
Abraham
Read 4:1-3
Lets get a timeline together so we understand what Paul is talking about. The stories of Abe are found in Gen 12-25. But the things I want you to be aware of and take a note on are in Gen 15. The first thing to note is in 15:4 YHWH makes a promise to Abe, then in 15:6. Abe believed and then YHWH counted him Righteous finally in 15:18 the actual covenant is made. Next to note is in chapter 17 YHWH tasked Abe with circumcisum, but note that this is years after the Abe believed, counted as righteous, and the covenant made. To summarize: A promise is made to Abe, he accepts and believes, next YHWH deems him Righteous because of his faith, and finally in ch 17 years later Abe circumcises himself and his Ishmael as a sign of the covenant. One last key, since we are doing a time line, aprox 400 years later Moses comes along with the Law. Notice that faith was initiated long before the law.
Rom 4:13-15
Chapter 5
1 Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ:[xvi]
5 And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.[xvii]
Holy Spirit is given to us
See John 16:7&13 and 17:17
The HS is the Spirit of Truth and Truth will sanctify us by the Word (logos)—What word?
The Ten Commandments as called the Dabriim YHWH
Dabar and Logos equivalents.
Remember that the 10 C. are the express image of YHWH
Didn’t we also say that the law is based on universal principles?
John 1.. in the beginning…
Freedom #1
5:9 free from wrath
5:13
13 (For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law.[xviii]
13 Yes, people sinned even before the law was given. But it was not counted as sin because there was not yet any law to break. [xix]
13 for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but xsin is not counted where there is no law.[xx]
Timeline:
Adam (sin) --- Abe (faith-righteous, circumcisim) --- Moses (law) --- Christ (Grace)
Sin
281 ἁμαρτία (hamartia), ας (as), ἡ (hē): n.fem.; ≡ DBLHebr 2628–2633, 6411; Str 266; TDNT 1.267—1. LN 88.289 sin, wrong-doing (1Ti 5:22); 2. LN 88.118 being evil, a state of sinfulness (Jn 9:34); 3. LN 88.310 guilt, the moral consequence of sin (1Jn 1:7)
[xxi]
Is YHWH all knowing? Did YHWH know that Adam would sin? Absolutely. So which came first, the law or sin? Typically we would say that sin came before the law. Makes sense since Adam lived before Moses. If that is the case: sin came before the law then lets explain some OT scriptures. Between Adam and Moses lived Noah. In reference to Noah, how can YHWH be a just God if he sent judgment on world prior to the Law, I am talking about the flood. How about this, Noah brought more clean animals on board than just the two male and female. How did he know what animals were clean if the law wasn’t given? After the flood he built an alter, how did he know how to build an acceptable alter if the law is specific about how to do so?
Richard’s states…
death was the condition of humanity from Adam to Moses, before the law was given. And death continued to be the condition of humanity from Moses to Christ! Law was introduced alongside to magnify (increase) the trespass (sin) and so to vividly demonstrate the reality of death. Only when men realize they are truly dead will they be likely to turn to YHWH in search of life.
17 For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness ereign in life through the one man Jesus Christ. [xxii]
So, when was Yeshua crucified? From the foundation of the world. IF he was crucifed from the foundation of the world, when then did he fulfill or complete the law? Wouldn’t that also need to be at the same time? Otherwise wouldn’t his sacrifice not been acceptable? Let’s keep in mind that the law is an expression of YHWH’s holiness
Rom 5:20-21-6:1
Freedom #2
7 For he that is dead is freeda from sin.
14 For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace.[xxiii]
15 What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid. [xxiv]
Man has only two choices. Choose to lend his heart, mind and body to serve sin ot he can surrender these faculties to serve righteousness.
Lets follow Paul’s logic…
Sin leads to death.
Obedience leads to righteousness.
…One would think that life and death would be opposites, but Paul tells us that its righteousness. We know the wages of sin is death. Often times we think of death as finality of life, but I believe the true meaning of death would be separation of YHWH. Meaning an eternity in hell. If this is the case then righteousness would then mean an eternity in the presence of YHWH. I think we can see some parallels.
I can trace my first experience of Righteousness back to the moment I got born again. Wouldn’t you agree that would be the first moment of true obedience? This would hold that by faith I was justified. The law at that single moment was complete in me, not by my doings, but Christ’s and Holy Spirit who at that moment were alive and in me? Now each moment since that time is another opportunity for obedience. Once I choose with a willing heart not out of duty mind you, I have another experience in Righteousness. True life comes because of my obedience, but you see its not a one time deal. My choices must become a life time of obedience decisions from a willing heart. When we talked about Gen 15:6 and Abe was counted as righteous because of his faith, wasn’t it truly a moment of obedience? Obedience in the sense that YHWH said trust me, and Abe obeyed and trusted. The path way according to Romans 6 then is obedience, then righteousness, followed by holiness and finally eternal life. The first step is always obedience.
Romans 7
1 † Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth?[xxv]
Dominion
3259 κυριεύω (kyrieuō): vb.; ≡ Str 2961; TDNT 3.1097—LN 37.50 rule, lord over, be master of, have authority over (Lk 22:25; Ro 6:9, 14; 7:1; 14:9; 2Co 1:24; 1Ti 6:15+; Ac 19:16 v.r. NA26)
[xxvi]
This is from the root word that gets translated lord.
V4 – dead to the law
Died
2506 θανατόω (thanatoō): vb.; ≡ DBLHebr 4637; Str 2289; TDNT 3.21—1. LN 20.65 execute, put to death; (pass.) to be put to death, be killed (Mt 10:21; 26:59; 27:1; Mk 13:12; 14:55; Lk 21:16; Ro 7:4; 8:36; 2Co 6:9; 1Pe 3:18+); 2. LN 68.48 stop completely, figurative extension of the above entry (Ro 8:13+)
[xxvii]
Freedom #3
6 But now we are delivered from the law, that being dead wherein we were held; that we should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter. [xxviii]
Two keys is in the newness of the Spirit. Remember our Gal 6:15 verse that said for in Christ cir and uncir avails nothing but a new creature.
The second key is that we are still to serve the change isn’t in obedience to the law but in the way. This confirms Romans 3:31 the law isn’t void, but we do establish it. The method for establishing it is through the spirit. Our salvation doesn’t come through obedience or the deeds of the law. But a kingdom person lives by the law….
Lets look at some OT references.
Deut 30:6 YHWH will circumcise our hearts
Jerem 31:31-33 YHWH will write his law on the inward parts of man
Eze 36:24-32 heart of flesh.. new spirit.
NT references
1 Cor 3:3-6 the spirit gives life
The goal of the Torah (remember the Ten Commandments also the express image of YHWH) the goal is to reflect YHWH’s righteousness in His people. This is Holy Spirit’s job and is exactly what the law couldn’t do on its own.
What does Yeshua have to say about the law?
Mat 5:17
7 Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill. 18 For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. [xxix]
The law and the prophets in this verse refers to the whole of the olt testament. The law is the Torah, the prophpets the neviim and the writings the kethuviim. Or as it better known the TaNaK or the Jewish old testament. Before we knew there was an old testament, they called that group of writings the Law and the Prophets or the Torah and the Neviim.
Destroy
2907 καταλύω (kataluō): vb.; ≡ Str 2647; TDNT 4.338—1. LN 20.54 tear down, destroy completely (Lk 21:6; Lk 23:2 v.r. NA26); 2. LN 20.55 destroy the works or efforts of another (Ro 14:20); 3. LN 13.100 put an end to (Ac 5:38); 4. LN 76.23 make invalid, abolish something in force (Mt 5:17); 5. LN 34.61 be a guest, be hospitably lodged (Lk 9:12; 19:7+)
[xxx]
Fulfill
4444 πληρόω (plēroō), πληρόομαι (plēroomai): vb.; ≡ DBLHebr 4848; Str 4137; TDNT 6.286—[xxxi]
8. LN 33.144 give true meaning (Mt 5:17; Gal 5:14);[xxxii]
33.144 πληρόωf: to give the true or complete meaning to something—‘to give the true meaning to, to provide the real significance of.[xxxiii]
12 Wherefore the law is holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good.[xxxiv]
14 For we know that the law is spiritual:
18 For I know that in me (that is, in my flesh,) dwelleth no good thing: for to will is present with me; but how to perform that which is good I find not. 19 For the good that I would I do not: but the evil which I would not, that I do. 20 Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me.[xxxv]
The biggest question surrounding this group of verses is whether this is written from the point of view before Paul was born again or post born again. Honestly, I haven’t seen an post born again experience that can line up with other Pauline writings. Lets first look at Philippians 2:13
13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure. [xxxvi]
According to this verse, YHWH is at work in us so that we will want to do his will and have the ability to do what he is urging us to do. –Makes sense. Not by might or by power but by the …..
How about, Philipians 4:13. I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me… Certainly Paul couldn’t in good conscience tell us he can do all things through Christ and then tell us that he is stuck in the rut. I realize that we are not perfect and that we will fall short of the mark. But the key to Pauline theology on sin is that as an archer is constantly aiming and shooting towards the mark. We talk about having a goal in our Christianity, I think here is a perfect place to begin marking the bulls-eye. The law’s purpose is to identify sin in our lives. Once Holy Spirit points that our, it should be our goal to eradicate that sin from our life. Job 34:32 says, Show me my hidden faults and I will sin no more. Job was pre-cross and he got it. Let’s not be the same tomorrow as we were today.
Romans 8
V1
Condemnation is not for those who walk after the Spirit… but what about those who walk after the flesh?
2 For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death. 3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sina, condemned sin in the flesh: 4 That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. 5 For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit.[xxxvii]
Remember Rom 7:14…. The law is spiritual
Psalm 1: Blessed is the man whose delight is in the law of the lord and in his law he meditates day and night.
In review, I told you a lot concerning the law specifically a while back I told you that in the NT the law could reference 3 or 4 distinct things: One the traditions of the elders, two the moral law or the Ten Commandments which is considered to be the express image of YHWH, the Pentateuch or the OT as a whole. I believe I’ve shown you enough scriptures that tell us we need to be mindful of the law, but I’ve not really made the distinction as to which law I believe Paul is telling us to establish or serve in the newness of spirit.
Let’s look at Yeshua’s response to a similar discussion.
Matt 22:36
If one were to sum up the Moral Law, one could easily do so as Yeshua did it here. But notice what hangs on or depends on these two great commandments, the rest of the OT. Remember we said the Law and Prophets is a reference to the Tanak or the Jewish OT.
In conclusion, we are not under the curse of the law, which states if you break one law you are guilty of them all. We are totally under the grace covenant—and its only by the blood of Yeshua that we find salvation through faith. And I believe James succently said it James 2:18 Now someone may argue, “Some people have faith; others have good deeds.” But I say, “How can you show me your faith if you don’t have good deeds? I will show you my faith by my good deeds.”[xxxviii]
----
[i]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 2:2). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
n. noun, or nouns
fem. feminine
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
i.e. id est, that is
[ii]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 237). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[iii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 2:6). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
n. noun, or nouns
neu. neuter
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
act. active voice
[iv]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 2240, #3). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[v]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 2:12-13). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
n. noun, or nouns
masc. masculine
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
[vi]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 3364). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
v.r. varia lectio, variant reading in a manuscript
[vii]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 3364, #3). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[viii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 2:13). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
n. noun, or nouns
masc. masculine
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
v.r. varia lectio, variant reading in a manuscript
Tanakh Tanakh, the Holy Scriptures
+ I have cited every reference in regard to this lexeme discussed under this definition.
[ix]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 3795, #5). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
n. noun, or nouns
masc. masculine
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
+ I have cited every reference in regard to this lexeme discussed under this definition.
[x]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 4475, #2). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
i.e. id est, that is
[xi]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 1467, #5). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
b guilty...: or, subject to the judgment of God
[xii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 3:19-20). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xiii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 3:21-24). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xiv]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 3:31). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
v.r. varia lectio, variant reading in a manuscript
[xv]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 2705, #2). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xvi]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 5:1). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xvii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 5:5). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xviii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 5:13). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xix]Tyndale House Publishers. (2004). Holy Bible : New Living Translation. "Text edition"--Spine. (2nd ed.) (Ro 5:13). Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers.
x See ch. 3:20
[xx]The Holy Bible : English standard version. 2001 (Ro 5:13). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
n. noun, or nouns
fem. feminine
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
[xxi]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 281, #3). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
e Rev. 22:5
[xxii]The Holy Bible : English standard version. 2001 (Ro 5:17). Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.
a freed: Gr. justified
[xxiii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 6:14). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxiv]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 6:15). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
† A Greek word occurs that is not directly translated in the King James Version.
Greek Strongs: 2228
[xxv]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 7:1). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
+ I have cited every reference in regard to this lexeme discussed under this definition.
v.r. varia lectio, variant reading in a manuscript
NA26 Nestle-Aland
[xxvi]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 3259). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
pass. passive
+ I have cited every reference in regard to this lexeme discussed under this definition.
[xxvii]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 2506, #2). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxviii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 7:6). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxix]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Mt 5:17-18). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
v.r. varia lectio, variant reading in a manuscript
NA26 Nestle-Aland
+ I have cited every reference in regard to this lexeme discussed under this definition.
[xxx]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 2907, #5). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
vb. verb
DBLHebr Swanson, A Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew (Old Testament)
Str Strong’s Lexicon
TDNT Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
[xxxi]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 4444). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
LN Louw-Nida Greek-English Lexicon
[xxxii]Swanson, J. (1997). Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Greek (New Testament) (electronic ed.) (DBLG 4444, #8). Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxxiii]Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996, c1989). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament : Based on semantic domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.) (1:404). New York: United Bible societies.
[xxxiv]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 7:12). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxxv]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 7:18-20). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxxvi]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Php 2:13). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
a for sin: or, by a sacrifice for sin
[xxxvii]The Holy Bible : King James Version. 1995 (electronic ed. of the 1769 edition of the 1611 Authorized Version.) (Ro 8:2-5). Bellingham WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.
[xxxviii]Tyndale House Publishers. (2004). Holy Bible : New Living Translation. "Text edition"--Spine. (2nd ed.) (Jas 2:18). Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers.