“Chains” and “fetters” refer to the manner the yoke of a cart or plow was placed on the necks of animals (Jer 27:2; 30:8; Na 1:13). Thus the yoke of God’s kingship is not merely rejected; it is insolently thrown off (cf. Jer 2:20). The kingdoms of this earth are by nature opposed to the rule of God and his Messiah.
II) The Reaction of Yahweh to the Nations (4-6).
III) The Decree of Yahweh Concerning his Son (7-9).
The figure connotes warm affection rather than a formal business relationship. In the ancient world a king’s son usually succeeded his father on the throne. In Israel, God wanted the kings to regard Him as their Father.
IV) The Proper Response to Yahweh and his Son (10-12).