Run to the Fire
Notes
Transcript
Introduction
Introduction
Key Ideas for 1 & 2 Samuel
Institution of kingship
process toward establishing a covenant with David’s line
importance of divine kingship
The purpose of the books of Samuel is to tell the story of the establishment of the kingship covenant with David. God’s plan was to have an earthly king who would give a good example of what God’s kingship was like. David is shown to be the legitimate choice of God, but also is shown to have been at times an obstacle rather than an instrument of God’s rule.
In fact, the last 14 chapters of 2 Samuel focus on David’s failures, either in men acting against him (10 - 20) or through God acting against him (21-24)
Typology
Typology
Definition: a type in scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament which foreshadows a person or thing in the New Testament.
One of the theological, or interpretive frameworks, we have in scripture is typology. With typology, an element (type) found in the Old Testament is seen to represent one found in the New Testament (antetype). Example: Flood as a type of baptism ( .) Passover as a type of Christ. Adam as a type of Christ. (tupos, type or archetype)
14 Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.
In , Peter’s sermon makes it clear that David, at least in some characteristics, is a type of Christ, prophetically in seeing no corruption.
It is clear from Peter’s sermon in that David is a type of Christ. Peter quoted where David said, “Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced; Moreover my flesh also shall dwell in hope: Because thou will not leave my soul unto Hades, neither wilt thou give thy Holy One to to see corruption.” So David speaks of himself as not seeing corruption, but Peter said, “Men and brethren, let me speak freely to you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.” It was because David was a prophet that he spoke of himself as experiencing these things, when the reality was that he was merely typical of his more famous son.
The balance between type and antetype is typically one of promise - fulfillment, imperfect example - perfect example.
Within the context of typology, David is a type of christ in that he is God’s anointed, a shepherd and king. In this sense, Christ is the fulfillment of a promise.
8 I have set the Lord always before me; because he is at my right hand, I shall not be shaken. 9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my whole being rejoices; my flesh also dwells secure. 10 For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption. 11 You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.
David’s character. how does it differ from Christ’s?
Absalom’s Failed Character
Absalom’s Failed Character
In David
In Absalom
It is clear that Absolom was a man of poor character. What can we deduce, from this scripture, and others, contributed to his spoiled character?
Extraordinary beauty can lead to vanity.
Ungodly men often receive from God the fairest gifts. —Starke
2 And he had a son whose name was Saul, a handsome young man. There was not a man among the people of Israel more handsome than he. From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the people.
Ambitious
He was vain
Charismatic and Manipulative (, , )
A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: 1 & 2 Samuel Homiletical and Practical
A doting father, weak through consciousness of his own great and well-known sins (ver. 1). 4) A good excuse for indulging revenge and selfish ambition (13:22–29). 5) Resentment at what seemed neglect by his father and by Joab (vers. 28, 29). 6) Success in reckless and defiant measures (vers. 30–33). 7) Apprehension that the son of Bathsheba (12:24, 25) might supplant him as heir to the throne.—TR.]
A good excuse for indulging revenge and selfish ambition ()
Resentment at seeming neglect (-30) Who’s fault would this have been?
Success in reckless and defiant behavior ()
Apprehension that Solomon would take the throne.
How would we summarize these faults? What sin would we attribute these to? Pride.
David’s Failed Character
David’s Failed Character
A doting father, weak through consciousness of his own great and well-known sins ( )
David failed to punish Amnon for his crime.
David was the chief judge of Israel.
A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: 1 & 2 Samuel Homiletical and Practical
Chastisement without love is an outrage, no father is at liberty to plague or torture his child; but a love that cannot chastise is no love, and reaps a poor reward. A child that does not at the proper time feel the father’s rod, becomes at last a rod for his father.
David gave partial reconcilliation
His forgiveness was completely inadequate, leading to a further outbreak of sin. Contrast this with God’s forgiveness of a man’s soul. It is completely adequate and a great deterrent to continued sin.
David offered forgiveness (the second time) without any repentance or resolution of the wrong.
we see no humility or contrite heart in Absalom, only pride, especially in light of chapter 15.
A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: 1 & 2 Samuel Homiletical and Practical
Chastisement without love is an outrage, no father is at liberty to plague or torture his child; but a love that cannot chastise is no love, and reaps a poor reward. A child that does not at the proper time feel the father’s rod, becomes at last a rod for his father.
14 if my people who are called by my name humble themselves, and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and heal their land.
3 Pay attention to yourselves! If your brother sins, rebuke him, and if he repents, forgive him, 4 and if he sins against you seven times in the day, and turns to you seven times, saying, ‘I repent,’ you must forgive him.”
David’s Faults that led to this friction with Absalom
David’s Faults that led to this friction with Absalom
9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
Incomplete Reconcilliation.
Nostalgia and blindness
Nostalgia and blindness
David is always esteemed highly among the Jews. He was, after all, the king that united Israel. His flaws are overlooked. We see his flaws and his failings, but how do we harmonize that with him being “A man after God’s own heart?”
Typology
Typology
Definition: a type in scripture is a person or thing in the Old Testament which foreshadows a person or thing in the New Testament.
One of the theological, or interpretive frameworks, we have in scripture is typology. With typology, an element (type) found in the Old Testament is seen to represent one found in the New Testament (antetype). Example: Flood as a type of baptism ( .) Passover as a type of Christ. Adam as a type of Christ. (tupos, type or archetype)
14 Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not like the transgression of Adam, who was a type of the one who was to come.
In , Peter’s sermon makes it clear that David, at least in some characteristics, is a type of Christ, prophetically in seeing no corruption.
It is clear from Peter’s sermon in that David is a type of Christ. Peter quoted where David said, “Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced; Moreover my flesh also shall dwell in hope: Because thou will not leave my soul unto Hades, neither wilt thou give thy Holy One to to see corruption.” So David speaks of himself as not seeing corruption, but Peter said, “Men and brethren, let me speak freely to you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his tomb is with us to this day.” It was because David was a prophet that he spoke of himself as experiencing these things, when the reality was that he was merely typical of his more famous son.
The balance between type and antetype is typically one of promise - fulfillment, imperfect example - perfect example.
Within the context of typology, David is a type of christ in that he is God’s anointed, a shepherd and king. In this sense, Christ is the fulfillment of a promise.
8 I have set the Lord always before me; because he is at my right hand, I shall not be shaken. 9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my whole being rejoices; my flesh also dwells secure. 10 For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption. 11 You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.
One of these things is not like the other.
One of these things is not like the other.
David’s character. how does it differ from Christ’s?
David is the imperfect king and judge. Christ is the perfect king and judge.
There can be no reconciliation without repentance.
14 if my people who are called by my name humble themselves, and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and heal their land.
9 If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
3 Pay attention to yourselves! If your brother sins, rebuke him, and if he repents, forgive him, 4 and if he sins against you seven times in the day, and turns to you seven times, saying, ‘I repent,’ you must forgive him.”
David’s reconciliation was incomplete and there was no justice. Christ’s reconciliation is complete because he was judged.
Conclusion
Conclusion
David frequently gets placed on a pedestal as a spiritual giant, but if our appraisal of David, and his character, is textually informed, we would see a man, not unlike ourselves, that is wrought with failings and flaws, yet one who’s heart is spiritually sensitive and theologically sophisticated.
His errors arise, not from ignorance of what is right, but by being driven by impulse in the need of the moment without reflecting on consequences. His lies would cost people their lives, (,) his temper would jeopardize his royal destiny (,) his duplicity would lead him to execute civilians (,) his unwillingness to take firm disciplinary action would contribute to dysfunction and bloodshed within his own family () and his pride would bring about pestilence that would devastate the land (.)
)1 Sam 25,Dysfunction
A balanced view of David recognizes his godliness, but realizes that, like any of us, he was not immune to lapses in judgment. A balanced view will focus not on David himself, but on how he was used by God.
David
Partial reconciliation
Joab
Joab murders Abner and david condemns.
Joab murders Abner and david condemns.
Absalom
A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures: 1 & 2 Samuel Homiletical and Practical
Chastisement without love is an outrage, no father is at liberty to plague or torture his child; but a love that cannot chastise is no love, and reaps a poor reward. A child that does not at the proper time feel the father’s rod, becomes at last a rod for his father.