Sermon Tone Analysis
Overall tone of the sermon
This automated analysis scores the text on the likely presence of emotional, language, and social tones. There are no right or wrong scores; this is just an indication of tones readers or listeners may pick up from the text.
A score of 0.5 or higher indicates the tone is likely present.
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Openness
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Tone of specific sentences
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!
!
The Nature of Parable
from the Greek parabolh~/
placing of things side by side for the sake of comparison
technical term for a figure of speech in ancient oratory
!! Simile
one thing is compared to another of a different kind
similarity is expressed by "like" or "as"
Jesus sends out his disciples "as lambs in the midst of wolves" (Lk 10:3)
!! Metaphor
from the Greek metaferei=n "to carry over"
qualities of one thing are directly ascribed to another without explicit comparison
"You are the salt of the earth" "You are the light of the world"
!! Parable
Paable is a developed simile,
story, whle fictitious, is true to life (contrast to fable)
Gospel parables are introduced by "The kingdom of heaven is like"
Object of a parable's comparison is not the single word that follows
but total situation envisioned
Matt 18:23-35 Kingdom is not like the king who settles accounts
BUT process of generous forgiveness
Matt 13:47 kingdom is not like Net
BUT the catch of fish and the separation of good from bad
!! Allegory
a developed metaphor or set of metaphors
it is less clear and more elusive than parable
each detail and character is significant (with hidden meaning)
!! Parabolh~/ in the Old Testament
translates the Hebrew lasfm /mashal/ embracing various literary forms
proverb (1 Sam 10:12; Prov 1:1)
riddle (judge 14:10-18)
taunt-song Mic 2:4; Hab 2:6)
oracle (Num 23:7,18)
metaphor Isa 5:1-7; Ezek 2:24)
allegory
didactic historical recital (Ps 78)
long revelatory discourses "similitudes" in Enoch section II
!! Parabolh~/ in the Synoptic Gospels
Same wide range as lasfm
proverbs (Lk 4:23)
examples (Lk 12:16-21)
similitudes (Luke 5:26-29)
similes (Mat 23:27)
allegory (Matt 25:1-13)
narrative Parable
!! The Gospel of John
John prefers to use the term paroimi~/a rather than parabolh~/
Outside the Gospels parabolh~/ means "symbol" or "prefigurment"
!
! History of Parable Exegesis
!! Introduction
Parables = case study of the problems and possibilities of hermeneutics
!!!
!!!
Text Criticism
necessity of reconstructing the texts to be interpreted
!!!
!!! Historical Criticism
Jesus himself guarantees great interest
parables are a distinctive feature of Jesus message + best source for reconstructing it
!!!
!!! Literary Criticism
parables are distinctive from point of view of language and literary form
Metaphor lies at the heart of parables
challenges hearer to new apprehension of reality
Parable metaphor is extended into a narrative
THEREFORE metaphor and function of metaphoric language
and force of realistic narrative
!!
!! New Testament
!! Patristic exegesis
e.g.
Augustine exegeting the Good Samaritan /Quaestiones Evangeliourm II, 19/
Man who went down is Adam
Jerusalem is state of Original happiness
Jericho represents human mortality
Samaritan is Christ
inn is the church
innkeeper is Paul
!! Medieval exegesis
parables were generally treated as allegories
!! From Jülicher to Jeremias
Rise of historical criticism
!!!
!!! Adolf Jülicher
allegorical interpretation faded due to influence of A. Jülicher /Die Gleichnisreden Jesu /(1888).
"History of the Interpretation of the Parables of Jesus"
The parables Jesus told give the impression of being vivid and understandable
idea the Jesus' parables are esoteric and mysterious needing a key to be understood is foreign to everything we know about Jesus
!!!!
!!!! Parable vs allegory
!!!!! Allegory
metaphorical speech
involves a substitution
disguises a thing - mysterious pictures or stories
Allegory has as many points of comparison as it has metaphors - every feature referred tosomething other than itself
must be decoded - need key to identify various elements
insider possessed the key
====> identify elements and express meaning non allegorically
outsider did not possess the key
---> allegory remained a mystery
Allegory is a series of metaphors
!!!!! Parable
understood parabolh~/ as found in Greek rhetoric
THERERFORE parables are simple moralizing stories with no admixture of allegory
has but one point of comparison, a general univertsally applicable religious or moral principle
Every parable is composed of two parts
a) the matter /die Sache/ to which the image points, the real concern of the parabolist
b) picture /Das Bild/ with which the matter is compared
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