Sermon Tone Analysis

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Anger
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*MATTHEW 26:36-46  *
This is the last pericope in which the earthly Jesus is together with his disciples.
§         Matthew has introduced the events of the betrayal of Jesus [26:14-16] and the denial of Jesus [26:31-35].
§         Matthew has given the account of the Lord’s Supper [26:17-30].
The inner core, Peter, James, and John, are unable to watch and pray in support of the trial of the soul through which Jesus passes.
And thus again [26:8-9] the disciples are portrayed as failures.
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*THE LOCATION *
*1.        **The Garden  *
Then Jesus comes with them “/unto a place called Gethsemane/…” [26:36].
§         Γεθσημανὶ - “/Gethsemane/” [26:36], from a Hebrew word which means ‘oil press’; ‘name of an olive orchard located across the Kidron valley on the lower slopes of the Mount of Olives’;
*a.        **A Familiar Place** *
This was a favourite meeting place for Jesus: “/he went as he was wont/…” [Luk.22:39].
§         ἔθος - “/wont/” [22:39], ‘custom, practice, habit’;
§         ὄρος ἐλαιῶνἐλαιῶν- “/Olives/” [22:39], ‘a high ridge lying east of Jerusalem, parallel to the city and separated from it by the Valley of the Kidron’;
§         A place often frequented by Jesus: “/Jesus often met there with his disciples/” [Joh.18:2].
*2.        **The Shadow of Calvary *
Jesus now begins to live in the shadow of Calvary: “/the hour is at hand/…” [26:45].
§         ἡ ὥρα - “/hour/” [26:45], ‘the occasion, time’;
§         ἤγγικεν - “/at/ /hand/” [26:45], ‘to come near’;
*a.        **The Journey  *
The idea of the “hour” draws together all the events from Gethsemane to Calvary:
§         The enemy’s hour: “/but this is your hour, and the power of darkness/” [Luk.22:53].
§         His own hour: “/Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father/…” [Joh.13:1].
*b.        **The Preparation *
Jesus sees the need to go apart from the main group: “/sit ye here, while I go and pray yonder/” [26:36].
§         καθίσατε - “/sit/” [26:36], aorist imperative, ‘settle in a place’;
§         ἕως – “/while/” [26:36], ‘until’;
§         ἀπελθὼν ἀπελθὼν - “/go/” [26:36], aorist active participle, ‘go away, depart, withdraw’;
§         προσεύξωμαι - “/pray/” [26:36], ‘from the preposition /prós/, ‘to’, and /eúchomai/, ‘to wish, pray’; ‘to pray to God, offer prayer’;
§         ἐκεῖ - “/yonder/” [26:36], ‘in that place’;
*i.        **The Sacrifice of Isaac *
The question arises as to whether this statement is under the influence of the trial of Abraham and the sacrifice of Isaac in Genesis 22.
§         In the story of the binding of Isaac, Abraham says to his servants: “/abide ye here with the ass; and I and the lad will go yonder and worship, and come again to you/” [Gen.22:5].
§         Is Matthew suggesting a parallel between Abraham’s faith and Jesus’ faith?
Or between Isaac’s sacrifice and Jesus’ sacrifice.
§         Abraham and Jesus take along three people; both episodes are set on a mountain; each involves trial.
§         The garden of Gethsemane becomes a kind of ‘dressing~/changing room’ for position taken up at Calvary.
*ii.
**The Transaction *
There is a transaction implied in Jesus’ prayer: “/let this cup pass from me/…” [26:39].
§         τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο - “/this/ /cup/” [26:39], ‘drinking vessel’; the ‘cup of suffering’.
§         A metaphor for the suffering and death that he was soon to face: “/the same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation/…” [Rev.14:10].
§         The transaction prophesied: “/Behold, I have taken out of thine hand the cup of trembling, even the dregs of the cup of my fury/…” [Isa.51:17-23].
§         The insight of Jesus: “/even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many/” [20:28].
*3.        **The Will of God *
All that Jesus has done has been in accordance with God’s plan: “/your will be done/” [26:42].
§         θέλημά σου - “/thy/ /will/” [26:42], ‘to purpose’; ‘to be ready or willing’; ‘to resolve’;
*a.        **Jesus’ Resolve *
Jesus’ purpose and resolve was to do the will of the Father: “/My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work/” [Joh.4:34].
§         Jesus was here with a mission: “/I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me/” [Joh.5:30].
§         The purpose of God: “/this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day/” [Joh.6:39].
*Application*
This was going to be Jesus’ last period of freedom here on earth…
§         It was the moment of salvation for the world: “/even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many/” [20:28].
§         It came as no surprise to Jesus…
 
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*THE TEMPTATION  *
*1.        **The Presence of Temptation *
*a.        **The Fact of Temptation *
The area of temptation: “/enter not into temptation/…” [26:41].
§         μὴ εἰσέλθητε - “/enter/ /not/” [26:41], from /eis/, ‘into’, and /érchomai/, to come’; ‘to go or come into, to enter’;
§         πειρασμόν - “/temptation/” [26:41], ‘examination’; ‘to submit another to a test to learn the true nature of their character’; ‘trial given for the purpose of making one stumble’;
*b.        **Jesus’ Ministry *
Jesus was surrounded by temptation throughout his ministry:
§         Jesus had begun his ministry confronted with temptation: “/when the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season/” [Luk.4:13].
§         Jesus had faced temptation all of his life: “/Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations/” [Luk22:28].
*2.        **The Cause of Temptation *
*a.        **The Willingness*
The willingness of the heart: “/the spirit indeed is willing/…” [26:41].
§         πνεῦμα - “/spirit/” [26:41], ‘inner being’;
§         πρόθυμον - “/willing/” [26:41], ‘ready, eager’;
*b.        **The Weakness *
The temptation: “/the flesh is weak/…” [26:41].
§         σὰρξ - “/flesh/” [26:41], ‘physical body’; ‘human nature’;
§         ἀσθενής - “/weak/” [26:41], ‘unable, pertaining to a state of limited capacity’;
Jesus points to the tension between the inner person, the centre of volition, and the outer person, the bodily flesh with its more obvious inherent weakness.
*c.        **The Example of Jesus  *
The humanness of Jesus: “/began to be sorrowful and very heavy/” [26:37].
§         ἤρξατο - “/began/” [26:37], aorist middle indicative, ‘to initiate an action or process’;
§         λυπεῖσθαι - “/sorrowful/” [26:37], present passive infinitive, from λύπη ‘pain, sorrow’; ‘physically λύπη can denote any pain, though especially that caused by hunger or thirst, by heat or cold, or by sickness’; ‘spiritually λύπη is sorrow, pain or anxiety at misfortune or death’;
§         ἀδημονεῖν - “/very/ /heavy/” [26:37], present active infinitive, ‘to faint, be depressed and almost overwhelmed with sorrow or burden of mind’;
*d.        **The Confession of Jesus *
Jesus makes his feelings known to the inner core: “/my soul is exceedingly sorrowful/…” [26:38].
§         ἡ ψυχή μου - “/soul/” [26:38], ‘inner self, heart and mind’;
§         περίλυπός - “/exceedingly sorrowful/” [26:38],
§         “/Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted in me/?” [Psa.42:5];
§          
§         ἕως - “/unto/” [26:38], ‘to link the event marking the end of a time period to another element in the same sentence’; ‘until’; ‘up to the time of’; ‘to the utmost limit or degree’;
§         θανάτου - “/death/” [26:38], genitive singular, ‘physical death’; ‘the penalty of sin’;
*e.        **The Example of Disciples *
The weakness of the disciples: “/he finds them sleeping/…” [26:40].
§         εὑρίσκει - “/finds/” [26:40], present active indicative, ‘to discover’;
§         καθεύδοντας - “/asleep/” [26:40], present active participle, ‘slumber’; ‘not awake’;
§         βεβαρημένοι - “/heavy/” [26:43], perfect passive participle, ‘weighed down’; ‘to be under pressure’;
*3.        **The Temptation *
*a.        **Recoil from Duty *
The temptation to withdraw: “/if it be possible, let this cup pass from me/…” [26:39].
§         παρελθάτω - “/pass/” [26:39], aorist active imperative, ‘from /pará/, ‘near, denoting proximity’, and /érchomai/, ‘to come, go’; ‘to pass near, away, by, or over’;
§         ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ - “/from/ /me/” [26:39], ‘separation off’; ‘motion away from’;
*Application*
The forgiveness of sins [26:28] will be accomplished only at an incomprehensible personal cost that goes far beyond physical death
§         Jesus tells the disciples that his sorrow is so great that he is hardly able to bear it.
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