Sermon Tone Analysis

Overall tone of the sermon

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when teaching every date is approx.
(for example Bible knowledge & Wiersbe says events of Nehemiah started at 444BC cause Artexerxes (6th king) started in 464BC)
Remember: the work of Nehemiah - by God's strength he took Jerusalem from being a remnant, a ruin, and reproached
to reunified, rebuilt, and rejoicing.
CONTEXT: BEFORE & AFTER THE TIME OF NEHEMIAH
The Time of Nehemiah is 444BC (the 20th year of Artexerxes 1)
Before the time of Nehemiah:
1,000 years before Nehemiah - the time of Moses
2. 556 years before Nehemiah - time of David
3. 142 years before Nehemiah in 586 BC Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Jerusalem
Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar had torn down the city wall of Jerusalem, burned its gates, and made the city a ghost town
Psalm 137:1-6 gives the reaction of the Jews taken captive
the city was almost forgotten about like any other destroyed ancient city
The Jews continued to worship God and eventually made Babylon their home
Some of the Jews even rose up to positions of power in Babylon like Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego In Persia Esther rose to become a Queen.
As the years went on the Jews had no desire to return to the destroyed promised land of Jerusalem.
The city of Jerusalem was destroyed for about 70 years
4. 94 years before Nehemiah in 538 BC King Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem
Out of the 2-3 million captive Jews only less then 50,000 returned to the promised land (like 2% of the people)
In this time Zerubabbel rebuilt the Temple
5. 14 years before Nehemiah in 458BC Ezra began his ministry (encouraging praise to God).
In this time Jews began to feel vulnerable, depressed and weak.
Without a wall there is no defense from enemies, which prevents anyone of having any nice or decent possessions since it can just be taken away.
The temple looked miserable since you couldn't put anything of great value in it with out it being threatened to being invaded… a wall needed to be built to defend and protect them.
Ancient Christian Father Bede (673-735) said hat the broken down city reminded the Israelites of their past failures and how their sin caused this destruction.
The broken down wall also allowed the enemy free entry and to mock them.
Likewise our sin causes destruction of our soul and spirit, without Jesus the enemy has free entry to bring into our lives pride, lust, strife, and envy, and the enemy will mock us by reminding us of our failures.
Jerusalem was ready to repent to turn to God but their sinful past was being reminded of by the destroyed city, broken walls, and by their enemies mocking of them....
A city with no walls was a trashy town with nothing valuable in it, - because if there was anything valuable in the town it would just be stolen away easily, so not even the Temple was made beautiful, and there was no defense to protect them
The Jews continued to live in constant fear for their wife and children, and feared when they themselves would be attacked and beat up or killed.
The wall needed to come up, they needed safety from the enemy, and a place to enjoy to live in.
Ezra attempts to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem (In Ezra 4:6-23) but some Samaritans and Rehum write a letter to King Artexerxes telling him that the Jews wont pay tax, tribute, or custom, and that the kings treasury will be become less.
They also claimed that their is evidence that Jerusalem is a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces and will work to rebel that is why they had been destroyed, they also added that if they finish the wall and city is rebuilt that the king will have no dominion beyond the river.
Now it is likely that since Persia in 460BC ((15 years before events in Nehemiah take place) that Egypt had revolted against them that lasted 5 years and a Persian provisional governor in Mesopotamia had rebelled in 448 (3 years before events in Nehemiah) the king Artexerxes was probably very on edge about protecting himself and the kingdom from revolts so he said in Ezra 4:21
Nehemiah must have been aware of this letter (since most cupbearers bore the signet ring, and were chief financial officers)
but this letter causes the Israelites to lose hope.. maybe they should just go back to the other nations...
Like how Jesus restores us and brings us to joy, God will use Nehemiah to restore Jerusalem and bring joy to the city again!
Nehemiah like the good shepherd that leaves the 99 for one will leave his comfort to go to the broken, and discouraged people of Jerusalem.
but in order for God to use Nehemiah to do something about this situation.
God first will do something in Nehemiah.
Any great work of God starts with God doing a work in the person first.
God will start by working on Nehemiah’s heart behind the scenes and then bringing Nehemiah to the place of cupbearer.. a place of authority 142 years after the destruction of Jerusalem.
its possible that Nehemiah made it to this position because King Artexerxes knew the importance of good relationships with smaller nations (since there were other revolts taking place from Egypt and their own Persian governor).
After the time of Nehemiah
150 years after Nehemiah around 300 BC Greek becomes the common language of world which will be the language of the NT
2. 277 years after Nehemiah in 167 BCAbomination of desolation in Temple by Greek king Antiochus Epiphanes.
From this point the Jews will never truly have full possession of the Temple… and to this date still have not
3.
About 300 years after Nehemiah In 146BC Romans become world empire and build roman roads great from spreading gospel and they make crucifixion popular.
4. 400 years after Nehemiah Jesus is born
ABOUT CHAPTER 1
1.
As we read of Nehemiah receiving his mission from God this book teaches us so much in just chapter one we can learn about: confession, fasting, godly sorrow, prayer, compassion, attributes of God, Israel history, world history, leadership, persistence, servanthood, & patriotism.
pass out handout “keywords of chapter 1”
2. .
Key word in this chapter:
Servant - עֶ֫בֶד (Ibed) used 8 times - Nehemiah only says this word in prayer... and 3 times toward self, 2 times toward Moses and, 3 times toward Israel
Prayer - תְּפִלָ (tepheela) - used three times when speaks of himself as servant and is being asked to be heard.
Observe/keep שׁמר ( shamel) used 4 times about keeping God commands except one time it is about not keeping God's commands
Heaven שָׁמַ֫יִם (shamine) - heaven used 3 times speaking of God of heaven twice and once speaking of heaven.
Attentive קַשָּׁב (kashab) - means to give close attention (used 2 times) asking for God to be attentive to his prayer.
READ THE TEXT (3 Minutes, 406 Words)
OUTLINE
Cared to Ask (v.1-3)
Cared to Greive (v.4)
Cared to Pray (v.5-10)
Cared to Volunteer (v.11)
CARED TO ASK (v.1-3)
There are 7 things we need to note from this section:
(v.1)
The events of Nehemiah begin in the month of Chislev.
A Babylonian month … the Jews probably followed the Babylonian calendar after their Babylonian Captivity in 586BC and continued using it (although they were in control of Persia).
In our Calendar Chislev is from mid November to mid December.
2. (v.1)
The events of Nehemiah began in the 20th year (probably of Artexerxes I which would be 445BC).
3. (v.1) Susa was where the winter palace of Artexerxes I is located, and where Nehemiah lived
Which would be like the capital of the whole world.
Susa means pipes of song or the lily
The palace has been excavated and can be visited today
show pictures.
BONUS VIDEO - Archeological site of the Palace and the area https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scGhHzkd6Ng
BONUS VIDEO - Showing a bull column in the palace https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjxCTApdX3Q;
The palace was built by Darius I (probably) and was used by several of his successors.
INFO ABOUT THE PALACE:
The palace was a square building (350 feet each side) that had 72 stone columns estimated to be 65-80 feet tall.
The palace had an audience hall, harem (for woman and children), entrance door, about 110 rooms, 6 courtyards covered with red bricks.
(in 461 BC - 16 years before events of Nehemiah)) suffered a fire and was rebuilt by Artexerxes the 2nd
God put Nehemiah in Susa to live in the palace....just like God put Esther is the same place a generation before to influence the king, or like God put Daniel in Babylon, or Joseph in Egypt.
Often times God guides the kings heart by placing a godly person close to the office of the King.
All to say God is in control
4. (v.2) These men came from Judea to Susa!
I had a theory that Nehemiah must have had such a passion for Jerusalem that he sent out his brother and some men to check out the status of Jerusalem, but historian Josephus says that while Nehemiah was in Susa he heard some men speaking in Hebrew and Nehemiah asked where they came from and they said Judea and Nehemiah then asked the status of Jersualem..
No matter what we know that Nehemiah must have had a huge heart for Jerusalem
It has been said that the real Jew never gets Jerusalem out of his heart … this was Nehemiah … He lived in Susa which was 764.5 miles from Jersualem and his heart was set on Jerusalem.
(fun fact only Jerusalem and Susa are mentioned in Nehemiah 1 and Susa is the furthest place from Jerusalem in the whole book (except maybe Immer in Neh 7:61)
Now not only did he have a huge heart for Jerusalem but also for the people living there.
He wanted to hear of their success but he heard that they are suffering.. which broke his heart.
Showing us that he had compassion for God’s people.
He had the heart of Psalm 137:5-6
5. (v.2) Nehemiah cared greatly about Jerusalem!
Even though he lived in Susa his heart was in Jerusalem
As soon as he heard of people coming from there he asked how Jerusalem was doing.
That is astonishing Nehemiah even cared because he was in a position with so much responsibility that was vitally important that you wouldn’t think he would cared about the tiny wrecked ruin of an ancient city.
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