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February 18, 2007 at FBC, Comanche; */Expositional studies:/* Matthew
Text: */Matthew 4:18-22/*
*18 *Now as Jesus was walking by the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon who was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
*19* And He said~* to them, “/Follow Me, and I will make you fishers of men/.”
*20* Immediately they left their nets and followed Him.  *21* Going on from there He saw two other brothers, James the /son/ of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them.
*22* Immediately they left the boat and their father, and followed Him.
*/“Will You Follow Jesus?”/*
*Introduction*: By comparing the gospel accounts we discover that there were at least five different phases of Jesus’ calling of the twelve.
Each gospel writer emphasized those phases which best suited his particular purpose.
As would be expected, the first call was to salvation, to faith in the Messiah (see John 1:35–51; 2:11).
The calling that Matthew mentions here was the second calling, the calling to witness.
After neither the first nor the second call did the disciples permanently leave their occupations.
At the time of the third call (Luke 5:1–11), Peter, James, and John were again back fishing.
Jesus repeated the call to be fishers of men, and the disciples then realized the call was permanent and “they /left everything/ and followed Him” (v. 11).
In Luke’s account, Simon and the others are still fishermen, and the Lord is teaching the crowd on shore from Simon’s boat (v. 3).
After the teaching, He instructed the disciples to go out to the deep water and let down their nets for a catch.
Simon protested that a full night of fishing had yielded nothing, but said that he would obey nonetheless.
When the fish came into the net to the point of breaking it, and the catch filled both boats so that they almost sank with the weight of the fish, Simon knew who Jesus was-the presence of the holy God.
His reaction, “Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, O Lord” (v. 8), reveals the same attitude Isaiah had when he saw God (Isa.
6:1–5)-an overwhelming sense of sinfulness.
The sinner in the presence of God sees only his sin, and shrinks back in fear of judgment.
But instead of consuming fire, Peter received a call to discipleship and evangelism.
When the call came he responded with the other three men in total commitment to follow the Lord.
Mark tells us of the fourth level, or phase, of the call.
“/And He went up to the mountain and summoned those whom He Himself wanted, and they came to Him.
And He appointed twelve, that they might be with Him, and that He might send them out to preach, and to have authority to cast out the demons/” (Mark 3:13–15).
The fifth phase, anticipated in the previous one, is recorded in Matthew 10:1-“And having summoned His twelve disciples, He gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every kind of disease and every kind of sickness.”
God calls all believers in a similar way.
First He calls us to salvation, apart from which no other call could be effective.
He then calls us progressively to more specific and ever-expanding service.
[1]
 
*Matthew 4:18-22*
*18 *Now as Jesus was walking by the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon who was called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea; for they were fishermen.
*19* And He said~* to them, “/Follow Me, and I will make you fishers of men/.”
*20* Immediately they left their nets and followed Him.  *21* Going on from there He saw two other brothers, James the /son/ of Zebedee, and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and He called them.
*22* Immediately they left the boat and their father, and followed Him.
 
 
*“Will You Follow Jesus?”*
*1.                  **Call to Salvation *[John 1:12-13; 35–51; 2:11]
@  How do you know if you’re truly saved: Matthew 5:3-12; Hebrews 12:14-15; 1 Peter 1:15-16; 1 John 3:21; James 2:14-17
*2.                  **Call to Submission* [Acts 412; Romans 10:13]
@  How do you know if you’re truly submitting [not subverting] God’s Word and God’s will? 1 Tim 2:1-5; 1 Peter 2:15; 1 Thes 4-5
*3.                  **Call that is Specific *[Matt 4:18-22] – to speak, to evangelism
@  How do you know what God wants you to do? Ephesians 2:10
*4.                  **Call to Separation *[Luke 5:1-11] – while they were still fishing; they left everything
@  Luke 14:26-33
*5.                  **Call to Service *[Mark 3:13-15] to be with Him and that He might send them out [missions emphasis];
@  What are you supposed to do? Learning, training, going, doing, speaking
*6.                  **Call to Sacrifice* [Mark 10:28-31; 44-45]
@  What are you supposed to give or give up?
[Luke 21:1-3; Romans 12:1-5]
*7.                  **Call to Surrender *[Matthew 16:34; Mark 8:34; Luke 9:23]
@  When have you “arrived?” 2 Peter 1:1-11
\\ /b.
Calling the first disciples (4:18-22) /
 
Since no temporal expression links this pericope with the last one, there may have been some time lapse.
Bultmann's skepticism (Synoptic Tradition, p. 28) about the historical worth of these verses is unwarranted (cf.
Hill, Matthew).
The relation of the various "callings" of the disciples in the Gospel records is obscure.
If we take John 1:35-51 as historical, Simon, Andrew, Philip, and Nathaniel first followed Jesus at an earlier date.
On returning to Galilee, they again took up their normal work.
This is inherently plausible.
The disciples' commitment and understanding advanced by degrees; even after the Resurrection, they returned once more to their fishing (John 21).
Here (Mt 4:20) an earlier commitment may explain their haste in following Jesus.
If the miracle of Luke 5:1-11 occurred the night before Matthew 4:18-22 (Mark 1:16-20), that would be another reason for their immediate response to Jesus.
In this connection the meaning of */katartizontas/*/ /("preparing," Mt 4:21; cf.
below) is significant.
See further 9:9-13; 10:1-4.
*18 *In Hebrew "sea," like the German See, can refer to lakes.
Classical Greek prefers not to use */thalassa/*/ /(or */thalatta/*—"sea") for lakes; and Luke follows the same pattern by using */limne/*/ /("lake"), though Matthew, Mark, and John prefer "sea."
The Sea of Galilee (named from the district), otherwise known as the "Lake of Gennesaret" (the name "Kinnereth" [Num 34:11; Josh 12:3] comes from a plain on its north west shore; cf.
Matt 14:34), or the "Sea of Tiberias" (a city Herod built on the southwest shore: John 6:1; 21:1), is 12 1~/4 by 8 3~/4 miles at the longest and broadest points respectively.
Its surface is 682 feet below sea level.
It is subject to violent squalls.
In Jesus' day it supported flourishing fisheries; on its west shore were nine towns, and "Bethsaida" may be freely translated "Fishtown."
Simon and his brother Andrew came from Bethsaida (John 1:44), though Capernaum was now their home (Mark 1:21, 29).
Simon, Matthew says, was "called Peter"; but he does not tell us how Peter received this name (cf.
10:2; 16:18; Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14).
While uncertainties remain, what is quite certain is that */kepa/*/ /("rock," "stone"), the Aramaic equivalent of "Peter," was already an accepted name in Jesus' day (cf.
Joseph A. Fitzmyer, "Aramaic Kepha" and "Peter's Name in the New Testament," in Best and Wilson, pp.
121-32)—a fact that has an important bearing on the interpretation of Mt 16:17-18.
Simon and Andrew were casting a "net" (*/amphiblestron/*, a NT hapax */legomenon/* [found only once], with a cognate at Mark 1:16).
It refers to a circular "casting-net" and is not to be confused with the more generic term */diktua/*/ /in Mt 4:20.
*19-20 *Greek has several expressions for "/follow me/" (v.
19; cf. at 10:38; Luke 9:23; 14:27), but they all presuppose a physical "following" during Jesus' ministry.
His "followers" were not just "hearers"; they actually followed their Master around (as students then did) and became, as it were, trainees.
The metaphor "/fishers of men/" glances back to the work of the two being called.
It may also be reminiscent of Jeremiah 16:16.
There Yahweh sends "fishermen" to gather his people for the Exile here Jesus sends "fishermen" to announce the end of the Exile (cf. on 1:11-12-2:17-18) and the beginning of the messianic reign.
But this allusion is uncertain; the danger of "parallelomania" (coined by S. Sandmel, "Parallelomania," JBL 81 [1962]: 2-13) is evident when E.C.B. MacLaurin ("The Divine Fishermen," /St.
Mark's Review /94 [1978]: 26-28) works out many parallels and then opts for Ugaritic mythology a millennium and a half old.
In any case there is a straight line from this commission to the Great Commission (Mt 28:18-20).
Jesus' followers are indeed to catch men.
On the prompt obedience of Simon and Andrew (v.
20), see the comments at the introduction to this section.
Peter later used this obedience almost as a bartering point (19:27).
*21-22 *This second pair of brothers were "preparing their nets" (v.
21), which sounds as if they were just setting out.
The verb /katartizo/, however, connotes "mend" or "restore to a former condition."
So James and John may have been making repairs after a night's fishing (cf.
Luke 5:1-11 and its possible place in the chronology).
Fenton notes that Paul uses /katartizo /for perfecting the church (1Cor 1:10; 2Cor 13:11) and sees here an allusion to pastoral ministry.
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