Sermon Tone Analysis
Overall tone of the sermon
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Sin
The Nature of Sin
Different words used to describe sin in the Bible
Missing the Mark (Chata)
This is a failure to meet the standard God has set for his people.
One has a goal or purpose and they fail to achieve it.
It’s a deliberate choice to miss the mark.
Irreligion/Impious -
“the unrighteous will not inherit the Kingdom of God.”
Transgression (Abar) - Num 14:41-42
Iniquity/ Lack of Integrity - 9:15
Rebellion - ; Eph 2:2
Treachery (ma’al) - ;
Achan took things that were to be devoted to God.
Perversion (awah) -
“Stumbles” is another helpful word to describe this.
Abomination (shiqquts) - ;
This is a very common word used to describe things like idolatry, homosexuality, witchcraft.
These are sins that aren’t just perversions but that are repulsive to God.
The Effects of Sin
Shame
- Adam and Eve heard the sounds of God walking through the garden and hid.
Restlessness
Remember God rested on the 7th day and we are called into his rest in the book of Hebrews.
Restlessness is the way of the wicked.
Guilt
- For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles in one point, he has become guilty of all.
Original Sin
For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles in one point, he has become guilty of all.
Because of sin we will stand guilty before God.
So what is Sin?
Sin is a condition of the heart.
Draw a graph with sin in the center and the effects and other words as growths from the center
Remember - Man has a desire to be like God.
Sin in its most simple form can be seen as idolatry.
Think about when the people came out of Egypt.
God performed 10 miracles for them and yet when they come out of Egypt the first thing they do when Moses leaves, is make an idol.
Definition of Idolatry: Idolatry is taking a good thing and making it a God thing.
Money can become a spiritual addiction, and like all addictions it hides its true proportions from its victims.
We take more and greater risks to get an ever diminishing satisfaction from the thing we crave, until a breakdown occurs.
When we begin to recover, we ask, “What were we thinking?
How could we have been so blind?”
We wake up like people with a hangover who can hardly remember the night before.
But why?
Why did we act so irrationally?
Why did we completely lose sight of what is right?
The Bible’s answer is that the human heart is an “idol factory
“Sin starts as orientation of our lives, as a disposition of the heart, which leads to sinful desires, which leads to sinful thoughts, which leads to sinful deeds.”
- Anthony Lane, ECD p 70
What is Original Sin?
What is Original Sin?
How did we get this way?
Why is sin so prominent?How did it all start?
Theologians answer these questions with what is called “original sin”
Original Sin is a phrase that’s never used in the Bible but has been used to describe what is being said in two main verses.
Different views on Original Sin
Pelagianism
Pelagius (AD 360-418) was a British monk who had a problem with our need to assistance in achieving good works and receiving grace.
He and Augustine went head to head and Pelagius was eventually condemned as a heretic.
His positions can be summarized in 6 points
Adam was created mortal and would have died regardless of whether or not he sinned.
Adam’s sin only affected himself, not humanity
Both the Law and the gospel leads us to Kingdom.
There were sinless people before the coming of Christ.
Newborns have the same status before God as Adam did before the fall.
The whole human race doesn’t die because of Adam, nor is it redeemed because of Christ’s sacrifice.
Arminianism
Jacob Arminius (1560-1609) and John Wesley
They reject Pelagius’ view on original sin and fully embraced a fully corrupted human nature passed down due to the sin of Adam, resulting in death.
They affirm inherited sinful nature but reject inherited guilt.
The entire human race is totally depraved
Prevenient Grace
Christs death on the cross gave us prevenient grace.
The Reformed view of grace is efficacious or irresistible.
Wesley saw grace as enabling us to receive grace but ultimately giving us the choice.
Wesleys view of grace had 3 dimensions (Taken from Sawyer, 360-61)
The removal of guilt due to Christ’s work on the cross
The healing of the human spirit, which is sufficient to respond to the gospel.
God’s specific offer inviting the work of salvation
Prevenient grace restores our ability to choose God.
Calvinism
Calvinism
Total Depravity - “Every part of our being is affected by sin - our intellects, our emotions and desires, our hearts, our goals and motives, and even our physical bodies.”
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Inherited Guilt -
In Adam all have sinned.
the text makes it clear we all come from Adam, therefore we have all sinned, now deserving the judgment of God.
Two views on Adam’s Headship
DONT SPEND A BUNCH OF TIME ON THIS!!!
Federal Headship
Adam Represents all of humanity.
When Adam sinned he was acting as our representative.
So we are found guilty because of our representative.
(Had we been in the same spot we too would’ve fallen)
Creationist view of the soul, God creates the soul at the point of conception
Natural Headship
Each individual participated in Adam’s sin because all were “in Adam” when he sinned.
Traducian view of the soul - A person receives their body and soul from their parents.
What about Babies?
The different views have different answers.
Arminian View - Infants have a sinful nature but remember they don’t inherit the guilt from Adam. they are judged guilty after they commit their first sin.
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