Atonement in NT

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In dying for the sins of the world, Jesus Christ fulfilled and replaced the OT sacrificial system, so that all who believe in him are restored to fellowship with God. Christ is the true high priest, who finally liberates his people from the guilt of sin, by offering himself as the supreme sacrifice.

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The atoning purpose of Jesus Christ’s death

Jesus Christ’s death on behalf of others

John 10:11 NKJV

“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives His life for the sheep.

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Jesus Christ’s atoning death for sin

1 Corinthians 15:3 NKJV

For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,

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The atoning significance of Jesus Christ’s death is expressed by references to his blood

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Jesus Christ’s atoning death is commemorated in the Lord’s Supper

1 Corinthians 11:23–25 AV

For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.

Explanations of the atonement

Jesus Christ’s death as an atoning sacrifice

Romans 3:25 AV

Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;

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Jesus Christ’s atoning death as redemption

Mark 10:45 AV

For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.

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The atonement is effective because of Jesus Christ’s sinlessness

2 Corinthians 5:21 AV

For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.

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Jesus Christ’s death fulfils and replaces the Day of Atonement

Jesus Christ makes atonement as the new high priest

Hebrews 7:26–28 AV

For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens; Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people’s: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. For the law maketh men high priests which have infirmity; but the word of the oath, which was since the law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore.

Jesus Christ is the mediator of the new and better covenant

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Jesus Christ has made atonement in the true heavenly sanctuary

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Jesus Christ’s atoning blood brings effective cleansing

Hebrews 9:12–14 AV

Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean, sanctifieth to the purifying of the flesh: How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?

Jesus Christ’s single sacrifice replaces the many required under the old covenant

Hebrews 10:11–14 AV

And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.

Access to the heavenly sanctuary is now open

Hebrews 10:19–20 AV

Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;

By dying with Christ, believers are released from this age into the life of the age to come

Romans 6:1–7 AV

What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? God forbid. How shall we, that are dead to sin, live any longer therein? Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: Knowing this, that our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. For he that is dead is freed from sin.

God the Father and the atoning death of his Son

God’s sending of his Son to make atonement

1 John 4:14 AV

And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world.

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God’s grace displayed in making atonement for the ungodly

Ephesians 2:4–5 AV

But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;)

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The worldwide scope of Jesus Christ’s atoning death

1 John 2:2 AV

And he is the propitiation for our sins: and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world.

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The appropriate response to the atonement

The response of repentance

Acts 3:19 AV

Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord;

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The response of faith

Acts 10:43 AV

To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.

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The response of baptism

Acts 22:16 AV

And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord.