Sermon Tone Analysis

Introduction

Every religious ideology would say that faith is required for salvation

So there is no issue - we can just pack up tonight and I’ll see you next week

In truth this is not as simple as it might sound

The battle is over justification - how are we deemed justified by God?

And it is this point that made this specific issue the most hotly contested issue during the Reformation (and even up until today)

It has been said that Scripture alone was the formal principle of the Reformation - the big grand idea

Faith alone is the material principle - the fundamental, dirty issue over which the Reformation was contested

Faith in the 1500’s

God’s Righteousness understood in three ways

That God is righteous because He keeps His promises to Israel - God demonstrates His righteousness by His actions

That God demonstrates His righteousness by giving righteousness to sinners who trust in Christ

God is righteous in rewarding people in accordance with their actions

God is required to grant grace to those who do their best - this is the concept we looked at last week

Shutters on a house - God’s light can’t shine into our lives unless we remove the shutters that impede the light

Sails on a ship - God’s grace is the wind, we have to raise the sails in order to catch the wind

We are justified by our works and God’s righteousness being added on to those works

Martin Luther

Justification has three main points

Justification is forensic rather than transformative

Justification is a one time moment at which we receive Christ’s righteousness and are made at peace with God

Romans 5:1

a change in status rather than in nature

Justification and sanctification are separate processes

While justification happens in an instant, sanctification is a life-long process

a change in nature rather than status

Justification denotes an alien righteousness

2 Corinthians 5:21

We have to have Christ’s righteousness imputed to us in order to be righteous

It is not from works that we are set free by the faith of Christ, but from the belief in works, that is from foolishly presuming to seek justification through works.

Faith redeems our consciences, makes them upright, and preserves them, since by it we recognize the truth that justification does not depend on our works, although good works neither can nor ought to be absent, just as we cannot exist without food and drink and all the functions of this mortal body.

Simul Iustus et Peccator

“Justified and at the same time sinners”

This concept is crucial to Luther’s teachings and concept of justification

“We are in truth and totally sinners, with regard to ourselves and our first birth.

Contrariwise, in so far as Christ has been given for us, we are holy and just totally.

Hence from different aspects we are said to be just and sinners at one and the same time.”

This is crucial to our understanding of both justification as well as assurance

What Luther is positing is that despite the fact that we may still sin, we can have faith in the alien righteousness of Christ applied to our life - 2 Corinthians 5:21

This is contrary to the infused righteousness that was (and is) being taught by the Catholic church

You receive an inoculation of righteousness, an infusion of Christ’s righteousness, which makes you holy but then you must keep yourself righteous through your own works and the practice of the sacraments

We are still weak and frail

“The words freedom from the wrath of God, from the Law, sin, death, etc. are easy to say but to feel the greatness of the freedom and to apply its results to oneself in a struggle, in the agony of conscience, and in practice - this is more difficult than anyone can say”

This is not to say that Luther thought no works were necessary

He was primarily worried that Roman Catholic doctrine had exalted love over faith and thereby subverted the Biblical order

He believed that if we concentrate on our works, the focus easily shifts from Christ and His sacrifice to our love, efforts and ultimately works

This is where Luther’s theology gets interesting

If in the instance of salvation Luther subjugates love under faith, how then does faith work through love and how is love the greatest?

The key point is to understand that love does not justify us

Commenting on Galatians 5:6 Luther says “works are done on the basis of faith through love, not that a man is justified through love.”

The testimony of the rest of the New Testament will also support that it is faith that leads to justification

You can love something dearly without having much faith in it

Padres

It is even possible to love Christ without placing your faith in Him for salvation

The Council of Trent

The response of the Catholic church to the Reformer’s teachings

Took place from 1545-1563

The Council directly refuted the idea of faith alone

“faith cooperates with good works and increases our justification, and that this proves that justification is not by faith alone.”

“If any one saith, that by faith alone the impious is justified; in such wise to mean, that nothing else is required to cooperate in order to the obtaining the grace of Justification, and that it is not in any way necessary that he be prepared and disposed by the movement of his own will; let him be anathema.”

This declaration by the Council is a major sticking point in the efforts to reconcile the Catholic and Protestant churches

What does the Bible teach?

Faith in the Old Testament

Abraham

Abraham wasn’t deemed righteous because he left his home or rescued his nephew

He was deemed righteous because He believed in God and the promise of an heir

Because of his faith

“Void of the right object, faith is nothing more than wishful thinking.

It is pitiful and powerless.

But placed in God, faith is the essence of salvation and the heart of the Christian life.”

The Lord then establishes His covenant with Abraham - a one sided covenant that foreshadows the one sided work of Christ in redemption

Abraham is the picture of faith that we get in the Old Testament

Faith in the New Testament

Paul points us to Abraham as an example of faith that leads to righteousness

Here he even says - to the one who works, his wage is not reckoned as a favor, but as what is due

If you place that statement next to Romans 6:23 and Isaiah 64:6 you see that we could never merit salvation through our own works

Faith in the 21st Century

Several attempts have been made (and are being made) by both Catholics and Protestants to reconcile

The Joint Declaration of the Doctrine of Justification (1999)

Signed by Lutherans and Catholic scholars

Removes the forensic nature of justification

Language is ambiguous enough that both sides can claim that it supports their doctrinal stance

New Perspective on Paul

Teaching that started around 1977

Biggest proponent is N.T. Wright

Claims that Paul was more concerned with ethnocentric issues (read racism) than failings in the Jewish religious system to provide redemption

The biggest opponent to faith (and justification by faith) in the 21st Century stares each of us back in the face every morning

We think that we can earn salvation or good graces by our efforts - even positive spiritual disciplines like reading the Bible, giving an offering, prayer

We judge our standing with Christ based on how we feel about our own efforts and works and this is wrong.

We teach our kids that any transgression will be met with punishment, and any good action will be met with reward

We as a church need to get back to the idea that we are justified, that we have an alien righteousness and that nothing we can do would ever remove that from us.