Sermon Tone Analysis

The Gospel of Jesus Christ: The Power of Salvation

(ESV)

Greeting

1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, 2 which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh 4 and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations, 6 including you who are called to belong to Jesus Christ, 7 To all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

7 To all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Paul was First a Servant

Παῦλος δοῦλος ⸉Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ⸊

Paul a servant of Christ Jesus,

The name Saul means “requested one” the one in demand.

The name Paul means “Little” John Courson Application Commentary (AC)

How can we escape the simple truth stated by Paul as the source of his power in Christ: I am a servant.

The gospel is the good news of salvation.

It is first mentioned in : “Jesus went about—preaching the gospel.”

It is last mentioned in .

Power in the gospel to save, keep, heal and satisfy is ours for simply believing.

(ESV)

3 Now as he went on his way, he approached Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven shone around him. 4 And falling to the ground, he heard a voice saying to him, “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?” 5 And he said, “Who are you, Lord?”

And he said, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting.

6 But rise and enter the city, and you will be told what you are to do.”

3 Now as he went on his way, he approached Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven shone around him.

From Giving to Taking Orders

The significant thing about service is that you wait for orders before you act.

It was the secret to service that Jesus taught.

Aland, K., Aland, B., Karavidopoulos, J., Martini, C. M., & Metzger, B. M. (2012).

Novum Testamentum Graece (28th Edition, ).

Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.6

ἐξαίφνης τε αὐτὸν περιήστραψεν φῶς ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ*

19 So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing.

For whatever the Father does, that the Son does likewise.

20

 (ESV)

19.So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, the Son can do nothing of his own accord, but only what he sees the Father doing.

For whatever the Father does, that the Son does likewise.

The Servant can do no greater than the Master!

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version.

(2016).

().

Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

Three Things Paul Identifies With

Servant--δοῦλος (male), δούλη (female)

̈δοῦλος, σύνδουλος, δούλη, δουλεύω, δουλεία

All the words in this group serve either to describe the status of a slave or an attitude corresponding to that of a slave.

δοῦλος is a “slave,” δούλη a “female slave,” δουλεύω “to be a slave,” “to stand in the relationship of a slave,” δουλεία “slavery,” σύνδουλος a “fellow-slave,” the adj.

δοῦλοσ-η-ον “enslaved” or “performing the service of a slave.”

The meaning is so unequivocal and self-contained that it is superfluous to give examples of the individual terms or to trace the history of the group.

Distinction from synonymous words and groups (→ θεραπεύω, → λατρεύω, → λειτουργέω, → διακονέω [→ 81]) is made possible by the fact that the emphasis here is always on “serving as a slave.”

Hence we have a service which is not a matter of choice for the one who renders it, which he has to perform whether he likes or not, because he is subject as a slave to an alien will, to the will of his owner.

→ οἰκέτης is almost exactly synonymous, but in δοῦλος the stress is rather on the slave’s dependence on his lord, while οἰκέτης emphasises the position of the slave in relation to the world outside and in human society.

This shows us again how strong is the passive element in δοῦλος, and in the whole word group to which it belongs.

2. Apostle--ἀπόστολος

Apostle--ἀπόστολος

A. ἀποστέλλω and πέμπω in Secular Greek.

1. ἀποστέλλειν in its basic meaning “to send forth,” together with the simp.

στέλλειν and along with πέμπειν, is well attested both in the literature and the common speech of the classical period as well as Hellenism, and it is often used of the sending of persons as well as’ things, As a compound of στέλλειν, it has an additional emphasis as compared with it.

This emerges esp.

when it is used figuratively2 or almost technically, Thus it is more sharply accentuated in relation to the consciousness of a goal or to effort towards its attainment.

There is also a significant difference from πέμπειν.

In the latter the point is the sending as such, i.e., the fact of sending, as in the transmission of an object or commission or the sending of a man.

ἀποστέλλειν, however, expresses the fact that the sending takes place from a specific and unique standpoint which does not merely link the sender and recipient but also, in virtue of the situation, unites with the sender either the person or the object sent.

To this extent it is only logical that ἀποστέλλειν should also carry with it the significance that the sending implies a commission bound up with the person of the one sent.

This emerges more clearly in Hellenistic Gk.

The expression: οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως (3rd.

century B.C.), in Dikaiomata ed.

Graec.

Hal., 1, 124; cf.

147 and 154, gives us already an interesting example of this development, the more so as the construction is purely verbal.

To be sure, the rulers of provinces sent from Rome are sometimes referred to as οἱ πεμπόμενοι (Ael.

Arist.

Or., 24 [14], 37 [II, p. 102, 12, Keil]); but the context is sufficient to show that what is in view is less the goal of their coming, i.e., the assumption of the office for which they are commissioned, than the fact of their coming from Rome as an impressive concretion of the empire.

In relation to the distinction between πέμπω and ἀποστέλλω the different meanings of πομπή are also instructive, as is the fact that this word is never used in the NT and only once in the LXX in a very doubtful passage (ψ 43:14) which is attested only by Chrysostom (Field, Hexapla, ad loc.) and has no MS support.

In general the word πομπή is only externally related to the basic term πέμπω, and in content it is closer to → θέατρον, 1 C. 4:9.

Compounds in the LXX are ἀποπομπή, Lv. 16:10; παραπομπή, 1 Macc.

9:37; προπομπή, 1 Εσδρ.

8:51

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version.

(2016).

().

Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

11 And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers, 12 to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ, 13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, 14 so that we may no longer be children, tossed to and fro by the waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by human cunning, by craftiness in deceitful schemes.

15

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version.

(2016).

().

Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

3. Designated, separated for a specific task--ἀφωρισμένος

ROOT | ESV

οριζω

orizō

appoint; determine; designate

39

ὅριον

11 And he gave the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the shepherds and teachers, 12 to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ, 13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ, 14 so that we may no longer be children, tossed to and fro by the waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by human cunning, by craftiness in deceitful schemes.

15

horion

region; boundary; district

12

ἀφορίζω

aphorizō

separate; appoint; set apart

a.Paul was first called

ὅριον horion region; boundary; district; border

10

ὁρίζω

horizō

b.Paul was second put under tutelage of Ananias

appoint; determine; designate

c. Paul was σκεῦος ἐκλογῆς , skeuos ekloges, chosen instrument, by Jesus to carry my name before the Gentiles.

(EVS)

15 But the Lord said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen instrument of mine to carry my name before the Gentiles and kings and the children of Israel.

16 For I will show him how much he must suffer for the sake of my name.”

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version.

(2016).

().

Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

The Holy Bible: English Standard Version.

(2016).

().

Wheaton: Standard Bible Society.

d.

Paul was sent to the Gentiles.

Saul the “requested one” among the Jews, became the “little” servant to Christ bringing Gentiles into the kingdom of Christ.

8

Gospel of God

“εἰς εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ”

εἰς: in, for,to, into