Sermon Tone Analysis
Overall tone of the sermon
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Tone of specific sentences
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HOW GOOD ARE YOU AT FOLLOWING RULES?
Jews refer to the first five books of the Bible as “the Law” (Torah), and Christians call them the “Pentateuch” or “The Five Books of Moses.”
LEVITICUS
1. Intro
MEANING: The word “Leviticus” in Greek means “Concerning the Levites” and in Hebrew means “And He Called.”
AUTHOR: Moses
The book is anonymous.
But the exact words, “the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,” occur twenty-seven times in the KJV text.
This is one basis for the belief that Moses wrote Leviticus
DATE: 1445 BC
The only historical events recorded in this book are the consecration of Aaron and his sons as priests and what happened to them next (chaps.
8–10).
This all occurred while Israel was still camped at Mount Sinai in the year after their exodus from Egypt.
2. Themes
LEVITES: Priests, Ministers, Musicians
Their duties were very broad—to see that the people understood and kept the Law of Moses and to take care of all the activities of the Tabernacle
HOLINESS: Laws, Morality, God’s Character
The holiness, or separateness, of God is so great that it cannot be in the company of unholiness, the common.
Therefore, in order for Israel to remain in God’s presence, the people must also be holy—at both the individual and societal level
WORSHIP: Tabernacle, Courts, Holy Place
The holy Lord is present in the midst of his people (Ex.
40:34; Lev.
1:1).
The people of Israel must therefore properly address their sin and impurity and must strive for personal holiness.
2. In order to approach God, worshipers must be wholehearted in their devotion (1:1–6:7; 22:17–30).
OFFERINGS: Rituals, Sacrifices, Festivals
The burnt offering
BLOOD: Goats, Bulls, Lambs, Doves, Rams
“Blood” occurs more than sixty times in Leviticus.
Readers are overwhelmed with the truth that in God’s design, blood outpoured through ritual sacrifice is the key to atoning for sins (17:11).
This is critical for understanding the necessity of Christ’s violent death as the atoning sacrifice for the sins of people.
3. Occasion
Instructions for Israel...
Apparently what prompted Leviticus to be written was the need to preserve permanently for Israel the oral commands God gave Moses
4. Outline
: The Five Offerings
: The Priesthood
: The Laws of Cleanliness
: The Day of Atonement
: The Laws of Morality
: The Seven Festivals
: The Two Important Years
5. Controversy
DOCTRINE: What laws apply to the church?
Of all the books of the Old Testament, Leviticus is the most challenging for Christians to apply
Laws that are practiced by the early church should be practiced by every church
NUMBERS
1. Intro
MEANING: The English word “Numbers” refers to the two “Censuses.”
The Hebrew title means “In the Wilderness.”
The first one, in chapter 1, was taken a month after the Tabernacle was set up, so it listed those who came out of Egypt.
The second one, in chapter 26, taken thirty-eight years later, recorded those who grew up during the wilderness wanderings and who would capture Canaan.
AUTHOR: Moses
The book is anonymous, but like Exodus and Leviticus, Moses is the central human character.
Further, 33:2 notes that Moses kept a journal of the Israelite travels
DATE: 1444-1405 BC
The events covered by Numbers took almost thirty-nine years
2. Themes
UNBELIEF: Spies, Golden Calf, Food, Rock
Israel was expected to trust God’s promises and obey his laws.
Failure to do so resulted in death for the individual and sometimes for large groups (e.g., 15:32–36; 25:6–9).
Even Moses forfeited his right to enter the land because of disobedience
WILDERNESS: Plaugues, Wanderings, Complaining
The term “wilderness” appears more than forty times.
NUMBERS: Lists, Genealogies
They are often included in the Bible at major moments in Israel’s history, or when there is a large gap in time.
When you come across a list in the Bible, think about how it fits into the context of that particular book.
The long lists in Numbers emphasize the importance of humankind in the story of God, and his care for all who were present at its critical moments
3. Occasion
Leaving a legacy...
Israel needed a permanent historical record of the events that continued their national existence from the time of the covenant ratification at Sinai to the edge of the promised land
4. Outline
: Mount Sinai to Moab
: Wilderness Wanderings
: Moab to Canaan
5. Controversy
DESCENDANTS: How did 70 people become over 2 million in a few generations?
The problem of the large numbers has not been satisfactorily resolved
DEUTERONOMY
1. Intro
MEANING: The word “Deuteronomy” means “Second-Law” in Greek and “These are the Words” in Hebrew
Deuteronomy means “second law-giving” and records many of the laws that are found in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers
AUTHOR: Moses
The book refers to Moses’ involvement in writing it (1:5; 31:9, 22, 24).
Later Scripture refers to Mosaic authorship (1 Kings 2:3; 8:53; 2 Kings 14:6; 18:12).
DATE: 1406 BC
Using the traditional early date for the exodus, Israel crossed the Jordan River and began the conquest of the promised land about 1406 B.C.
2. Themes
REMEMBRANCE: Ancestors, Laws, Covenants
Many of the regulations in Deuteronomy are second tellings or elaborations on earlier laws, especially the commands related to worshiping God alone, and without the use of images.
COMMANDMENTS: Instructions, Decrees, Statues
Forms of the noun or verb “command” occur almost a hundred times in the book.
PROMISED LAND: Canaan
One of the great themes of Deuteronomy is that the land Israel is about to enter is a promised gift from God.
There are 66 references to the land as God’s gift, and Israel is told 69 times to go and “possess” and “inherit” the land
3. Occasion
A new generation...
According to its own testimony, Deuteronomy originated as farewell messages from Moses to a new generation of Israelites.
He pleaded passionately for them to keep God at the center of their national life once they settled in the land.
The book is essentially a covenant-renewal document.
4. Outline
: Remember Your Ancestors (Speech 1)
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