Sermon Tone Analysis
Overall tone of the sermon
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Emotion Tone
Anger
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Disgust
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Fear
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Joy
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Sadness
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Language Tone
Analytical
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Confident
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Tentative
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Social Tone
Openness
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Conscientiousness
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Extraversion
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Agreeableness
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Emotional Range
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Tone of specific sentences
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Emotion
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Anger
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*JOHN 13:12-17*
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*THE INTRODUCTION *
*1. **The Passover *
John’s introduction to the foot-washing: “/before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew/…” [13:1].
§ πάσχα - “/passover/” [13:1], ‘the passover supper’; a theme developed throughout the book [2:13, 23; 6:4; 11:55; 12:1].
§ The clause alerts the readers to the passover them, inviting them to see in the foot-washing an anticipation of Jesus’ own climactic Passover act as “/the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world/” [1:29].
*2.
**The Hour*
Jesus’ knowledge: “/when Jesus knew that his hour/…” [13:1].
§ εἰδὼς - “/knew/” [13:1], perfect active participle, ‘to have seen and perceived and hence know’;
§ ὥρα - “/hour/” [13:1], ‘time or period’: “/my time is not yet fully come/” [7:8]; “/the hour is come that the Son of man/…” [12:23].
§ μεταβῇ - “/depart/” [13:1], singular aorist active, ‘to move from one place to another’; ‘to pass over, withdraw, depart’;
*3. **The Knowledge *
The knowledge that Jesus had is stated in terms of the sovereign will of God in judgement and salvation: “/knowing that the Father had given/…” [13:3].
§ εἰδὼς - “/knowing/” [13:3], perfect active participle, ‘to have seen and perceived and hence know’.
§ e;dwken - “/given/” [13:3], aorist active, ‘given by a superior into the hand of one who is a subordinate’; ‘to hand over’; ‘to empower’;
§ Jesus’ mission: “/was come from God and went to God/” [13:3].
*4. **The Love *
Jesus’ love: “/having loved his own/…” [13:1].
§ ἀγαπήσας - “/loved/” [13:1], aorist active participle,
§ ἠγάπησεν - “/loved/” [13:1], aorist active,
§ εἰς τέλος - “/end/” [13:1], ‘motion towards and into’; ‘completion, perfection’;
*a. **True Character *
John ensures that the reader grasps just how strongly this episode attests the loving character of Jesus: “/the supper being ended, the devil having put/…” [13:2].
§ δείπνου - “/supper/” [13:2], ‘main meal’; ‘evening meal’;
§ βεβληκότος - “/put/” [13:2], perfect active participle, ‘to throw, cast, place something somewhere’;
§ παραδοῖ - “/betray/” [13:2], aorist active, ‘to hand over’; ‘to deliver up’;
*Summary*.
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*The Foot-Washing & SERVANTHOOD *
*1. **The Preparation *
*a. **The Scene *
The scene: “/he rises from supper and laid aside his garments/…” [13:4].
§ ἐγείρεται - “/rises/” [13:4], ‘to stand up’;
§ the disciples and Jesus would have been reclining on thin mats around a low table.
Each is leaning on his arm, usually the left; the feet radiate outward from the table.
§ Jesus pushes himself up from his own mat.
*b. **The Preparation *
The preparation: “/he laid aside his garments/…” [13:4].
§ τίθησιν - “/laid/ /aside/” [13:4], present active, ‘to put or place’; ‘to take off’;
§ τὰ ἱμάτια - “/garments/” [13:4], ‘outer garment, mantle’;
§ λαβὼν - “/took/” [13:4], aorist active participle, ‘to take hold of’ ‘to grasp’;
§ λέντιον - “/towel/” [13:4], ‘a linen cloth’;
§ διέζωσεν - “/girded/” [13:4], ‘to wrap around’; ‘to tie around’;
*2. **The Action *
The action: “/after that he pours water into a basin/…” [13:5].
§ νιπτῆρα - “/basin/” [13:5], ‘wash-basin’;
§ νίπτειν - “/wash/” [13:5], present infinitive active, ‘to wash by bathing’; ‘refers to the partial washing of individuals’;
§ πόδας - “/feet/” [13:5],
§ ἐκμάσσειν - “/wipe/” [13:5], present infinitive active, ‘to knead out’; ‘to wipe dry’;
*a. **The Practice *
The reluctance of Jesus’ disciples to volunteer for the task of “foot-washing” is culturally understandable.
§ Doubtless the disciples would have been happy to wash the feet of Jesus.
§ But peers did not wash one another’s feet, except very rarely and as a mark of great love.
§ The task of “foot-washing” would normally be reserved for the lowliest of menial servants.
§ The task was usually reserved for Gentile slaves and for wives and children.
*Application*.
*3.
**The True Servant *
By his actions Jesus is adopting the dress of a menial slave, dress that was looked down upon in both Jewish and Gentile circles.
§ Jesus prepares to demonstrate his claim: “/I am among you as one that serves/” [Luk.22:7].
*a. **The Servanthood *
Paul’s exhortation to the Philippians: “/let this mind be in you/…” [Php.2:5].
§ φρονεῖτε - “/mind/” [2:5], ‘have attitude’; ‘set one’s mind on’; ‘to regard’;
* i.
**The Son of God *
Jesus is one who is by his very nature God: “/Being in the form of God/…” [Php.2:6].
§ ὑπάρχων - “/being/” [2:6], present active participle, ‘to be’; ‘I am’; ‘to be in a state’;
§ μορφῇ - “/form/” [2:6], ‘visual form’; ‘outward appearance’: “/After that he appeared in another form unto two of them/…” [Mk.16:12].
* ii.
**The Son’s Attitude *
The Son’s attitude: “/thought it not robbery/…” [2:5],
§ ἁρπαγμὸν - “/robbery/” [2:6], ‘to plunder’; ‘take something by force’; ‘hold onto something by force’;
§ ἡγήσατο - “/thought/” [2:6], aorist active, ‘to consider’; ‘to regard’;
§ ἴσα - “/equal/” [2:6], ‘equal in quantity, essence, and quantity’;
* iii.
**The Form of the Servant *
The Son’s action: “/made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant/…” [Php.2:7].
§ ἑαυτὸν - “/himself/” [2:7], reflexive pronoun, ‘refers the action of the verb back to the one who performs the action’;
§ ἐκένωσεν - “/made of no reputation/” [2:7], aorist active, ‘to make empty’; ‘to remove the content of something’; ‘to take away the prerogatives of status and position’;
§ λαβών - “/took/” [2:7], aorist active participle, ‘to take hold of or grasp’; ‘to take possession of’;
§ ὁμοιώματι - “/likeness/” [2:7], ‘similarity’; ‘likeness of form or appearance’; “/God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh/…” [Rom.8:3].
§ γενόμενος - “/made/” [2:7], aorist middle participle, ‘to come into being’; ‘to begin to exist’;
*b. **The Servant’s Work *
The Servant’s work: “/being found in fashion as a man/…” [2:8].
§ εὑρεθεὶς - “/being found/” [2:8], aorist passive participle, ‘to discover’; ‘learn something not previously known’;
§ σχήματι - “/fashion/” [2:8], ‘figure, shape’; ‘outward appearance’;
§ ἐταπείνωσεν - “/humbled himself/” [2:8], aorist active, ‘to make low’ in a ‘spatial sense’ and in a ‘social sense’;
* i.
**The Passion *
The Son’s self-sacrifice: “/became obedient unto death/…” [2:8].
§ γενόμενος - “/became/” [2:8], aorist middle participle, ‘to come into being’; ‘to begin to exist’;
§ ὑπήκοος - “/obedient/” [2:8], ‘submissive’; ‘to hear and to act upon what is heard’: “/To whom (Moses) our fathers would not obey/…” [Acts 7:39].
§ μέχρι θανάτου - “/unto death/” [2:8], ‘until’; ‘as far as’; ‘to the point of’;
*Application*.
Jesus takes up this position /because/ He: “/knew that his hour was come/” [13:1].
§ The “laying aside” [13:4] of his garments links the passage to the sacrificial death of Jesus.
§ In humiliating himself to wash the disciples’ feet, Jesus was acting out before hand his /humiliation/ /in death/.
§ Note the absolute necessity of this “washing” for the existence and maintenance of the church: “/if I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me/” [13:8].
§ This is a concrete action of ‘love to the limits’;
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*The foot-washing as A MODEL OF CHRISTIAN CONDUCT [13:12-17].
*
Christ at length explains what was his intention in /washing the feet /of his disciples; or what he had said about the spiritual washing was a sort of digression from his main design.
Had it not been for the opposition made by Peter, Christ would not have spoken on that subject.
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