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CAVEAT: I must stress that this is not an exhaustive study.
We could spend many weeks reviewing and thinking about God’s love.
I know I have said that several times, but in this particular doctrine I cannot state that enough.
This is a huge doctrine with multiple categories.
This study is to provide a quick overview and a reminder why the Doctrine of God’s love matters.
Nothing more.
This is not an exhaustive study, but provides a brief overview and application with a devotional focus.
(Slide 1-2)
What event in Biblical history most expresses God’s love?
(Slide 3)
(Slide 4)
The most distinctive demonstration of love by God is bound up in the Crucifixion.
It is by the crucifixion that we know that God loves us.
Much of the doctrine of God having the attribute of love, is bound up in the historical-redemption story.
Philip Ryken, Discovering God, pg.
197.
(Slide 5)
“The Crucifixion is the climatic chapter in the greatest love story ever told”.
Philip Ryken, Discovering God, pg.
197.
“The Crucifixion is the climatic chapter in the greatest love story ever told”.
“Jesus had always loved his disciples, but now he would show them the height, the length, the width, and the depth of His love.”
“Jesus had always loved his disciples, but now he would show them the height, the length, the width, and the depth of His love.”
What verse gives us the boldest declaration of God’s attribute of Love?
(Slide 6)
1 John 4:16 - “God is Love”
1 John 4:16 - “God is Love”
First and foremost, God cannot simply be defined by the fact that God loves.
God is love.
(Slide 7)
God cannot simply be defined by the fact that God loves because God is love.
This does not mean that God is metaphysically love.
The predicate verb “is” means that God’s character is so defined by His love that it is an attribute of God.
This does not mean that God is metaphysically love.
The predicate verb “is” means, that God’s character is so defined by His love that it is an attribute of God.
Words Associated with the God’s Love.
OT Words:
(Slide 8)
[אהב] and [חֶ֫סֶד ]
(Hesed) and (‘hb)
(‘hb) [אהב] has a wide meaning and is used nearly as widely as the English word love.
(Hesed) [חֶ֫סֶד] is often referred to as the word of “covenant love”.
(Slide 9)
The reason is that the word [חֶ֫סֶד] the majority of the time is used in the context of covenants.
However, Scripture uses both words in the context of covenants.
Examples: Deuteronomy 6:5, Deuteronomy 7:13.
(‘hb) [אהב] has a wide meaning and is used nearly as widely as the English word love.
(Hesed) [חֶ֫סֶד] is often referred to as the word of “covenant love”.
The reason is that the word [חֶ֫סֶד] the majority of the time is used in the context of covenants.
However, Scripture uses both words in the context of covenants.
Examples: Deuteronomy 6:5, Deuteronomy 7:13.
Further, Hesed [חֶ֫סֶד] is used outside covenants.
Further, Hesed [חֶ֫סֶד] is used outside covenants.
Example: Ruth 3:10, 1 Kings 20:31.
Example: Ruth 3:10, 1 Kings 20:31.
NT Words:
There are two major words used in Greek to describe love, especially God’s love.
(φιλέω) Phileo and (ἀγαπάω) Agapao.
There are two major words used in Greek to describe love, especially God’s love.
(φιλέω) Phileo and (ἀγαπάω) Agapao.
What have you always heard about (φιλέω) Phileo and (ἀγαπάω) Agapao?
(Slide 10)
- Phileo is brotherly love.
- Agapao is unconditional love.
Is that an accurate statement?
Before I began I would like to first say that in many cases the context does allow us to say an unconditional love.
But can we say that based on the root.
That unconditional love or brotherly love what it always mean?
D. A. Carson makes an excellent argument that the differences are not near as drastic as it might seem.
Is that true?
How often do preachers refer to the verb ἀγαπάω (agapaō, to love), contrast it with φιλέω (phileō, to love), and deduce that the text is saying something about a special kind of loving, for no other reason than that ἀγαπάω (agapaō) is used?
Is that true?
How often do preachers refer to the verb ἀγαπάω (agapaō, to love), contrast it with φιλέω (phileō, to love), and deduce that the text is saying something about a special kind of loving, for no other reason than that ἀγαπάω (agapaō) is used?
All of this is linguistic nonsense.
All of this is linguistic nonsense.
Reasons for questioning this view:
(Slide 11)
Rape of Tamar (Agapao used)
Reasons for questioning this view:
Rape of Tamar (Agapao used): 2 Samuel 13:10, 2 Samuel 13:15
Interchangeable use of Phileo and Agapao:
John 3:35 (Agapao)
John 5:20 (Phileo)
Interchangeable use of Phileo and Agapao:
John 3:35 (Agapao)
John 5:20 (Phileo)
Exegetical Fallacies 1.
The root fallacy
My only point here is that there is nothing intrinsic to the verb ἀγαπάω (agapaō) or the noun ἀγάπη (agapē) to prove its real meaning or hidden meaning refers to some special kind of love.
My only point here is that there is nothing intrinsic to the verb ἀγαπάω (agapaō) or the noun ἀγάπη (agapē) to prove its real meaning or hidden meaning refers to some special kind of love.
(Slide 12)
The fact is that Phileo can be used of unconditional love just as much as agapao can be used for selfish love.
When we understand the use of “love” in the NT, including our understanding of God, it should be based on context.
The context should suggest an unconditional love, regardless of which form is used.
The fact is that Phileo can be used of unconditional love just as much as agapao can be used for selfish love.
When we understand the use of “love” in the NT, including our understanding of God, it should be based on context.
The context should suggest an unconditional love, regardless of which form is used.
Summary: OT and NT words are often used to describe an unconditional love of God.
Summary: OT and NT words are often used to describe an unconditional love of God.
I realize that this word study is not as interesting as others, and perhaps a little more technical.
But it is important that we think through how we understand the meaning of words in our Bible.
Just because someone says the Greek says this, does not mean it is true.
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