Sermon Tone Analysis

*Ash Wednesday.

by James Akin*

The sign of the cross .Biblically a mark on the forehead is a symbol of a person's ownership.

By having our foreheads marked with the sign of a cross, this symbolizes that the person belongs to Jesus Christ, who died on a Cross.

This is in imitation of the spiritual mark or seal that is put on a Christian in baptism, when he is delivered from slavery to sin and the devil and made a slave of righteousness and Christ (Rom.

6:3-18).

It is also in imitation of the way the righteous are described in the book of Revelation, where we read that the servants of God are sealed on the forehead.

Do not harm the earth or the sea or the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God upon their foreheads."

(Revelation 7:3)

"[The demon locust] were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green growth or any tree, but only those of mankind who have not the seal of God upon their foreheads" (Revelation 9:4)

"Then I looked, and lo, on Mount Zion stood the Lamb, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and his Father's name written on their foreheads."

(Revelation 14:1)

This is in contrast to the followers of the beast, who have the number 666 on their foreheads or hands.

The reference to the sealing of the servants of God for their protection in Revelation is an allusion to a parallel passage in Ezekiel, where Ezekiel also sees a sealing of the servants of God for their protection:

"And the LORD said to him [one of the four cherubim], 'Go through the city, through Jerusalem, and put a mark [literally, "a /tav"/] upon the foreheads of the men who sigh and groan over all the abominations that are committed in it.'

And to the others he said in my hearing, 'Pass through the city after him, and smite; your eye shall not spare, and you shall show no pity; slay old men outright, young men and maidens, little children and women, but touch no one upon whom is the mark.

And begin at my sanctuary.'

So they began with the elders who were before the house."

(Ezekiel 9:4-6)

Unfortunately, like most modern translations, the one quoted above (the Revised Standard Version, which we have been quoting thus far), is not sufficiently literal.

What it actually says is to place a /tav/ on the foreheads of the righteous inhabitants of Jerusalem.

/Tav/ is one of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and in ancient script it looked like the Greek letter /chi/, which happens to be two /crossed/ lines (like an "x") and which happens to be the first letter in the word "Christ" in Greek /(christos)./

The Jewish rabbis commented on the connection between /tav/ and /chi/ and this is undoubtedly the mark Revelation has in mind when the servants of God are sealed in it

The early Church Fathers seized on this /tav-chi-/cross-/christos/ connection and expounded it in their homilies, seeing in Ezekiel a prophetic foreshadowing of the sealing of Christians as servants of Christ.

It is also part of the background to the Catholic practice of making the sign of the cross, which in the early centuries (as can be documented from the second century on) was practiced by using one's thumb to furrow one's brow with a small sign of the cross, like Catholics do today at the reading of the Gospel during Mass.

*Ashes* are a biblical symbol of mourning and penance.

In Bible times the custom was to fast, wear sackcloth, sit in dust and ashes, and put dust and ashes on one's head.

While we no longer normally wear sackcloth or sit in dust and ashes, the customs of fasting and putting ashes on one's forehead as a sign of mourning and penance have survived to this day.

These are two of the key distinctives of Lent.

In fact, Ash Wednesday is a day not only for putting ashes on one's head, but also a day of fasting (see below).

See below examples of people putting dust and ashes on their foreheads?

1~/ "That same day a Benjamite ran from the battle line and went to Shiloh, his clothes torn and dust on his head."

(1 Samuel 4:12)

2~/ "On the third day a man arrived from Saul's camp, with his clothes torn and with dust on his head.

When he came to David, he fell to the ground to pay him honor."

(2 Samuel 1:20

3~/ "Tamar put ashes on her head and tore the ornamented robe she was wearing.

She put her hand on her head and went away, weeping aloud as she went."

(2 Samuel 13:19)

4~/ "When David arrived at the summit, where people used to worship God, Hushai the Arkite was there to meet him, his robe torn and dust on his head."

(2 Samuel 15:32)

Ashes also symbolize death and so remind us of our mortality.

Thus when the priest uses his thumb to sign one of the faithful with the ashes, he says, "Remember, man, that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return," which is modeled after God's address to Adam (Genesis 3:19; cf.

Job 34:15, Psalms 90:3, 104:29, Ecclesiastes 3:20).

This also echoes the words at a burial, "Ashes to ashes; dust to dust," which is based on God's words to Adam in Genesis 3 and Abraham's confession, "I am nothing but dust and ashes" (Genesis 18:27).

It is thus a reminder of our mortality and our need to repent before this life is over and we face our Judge.

The palms are made by burning palm fronds which have been saved from the previous year's Palm Sunday, they are then blessed by a priest -- blessed ashes having been used in God's rituals since the time of Moses (Numbers 19:9-10, 17) Because Palm Sunday was when the people rejoiced at Jesus' triumphal entrance to Jerusalem.

They celebrated his arrival by waving palm fronds, little realizing that he was coming to die for their sins.

By using palms from Palm Sunday, it is a reminder that we must not only rejoice of Jesus' coming but also regret the fact that our sins made it necessary for him to die for us in order to save us from hell.

The Church strongly encourages the receiving the ashes as it is a fitting and visible spiritual reminder that encourages one to adopt an attitude of prayer, repentance, and humility.

As James said: "Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up" (James 4:10).

Ash Wednesday is not a holy day of obligation.

However, it is strongly advisable since it is fitting to mark the beginning of penitential season of Lent by going to Mass.

The formal, corporate worship of God is a good way to get a good start to the season.

Also, even though it is not a holy day of obligation, it is a day of fast and abstinence.

Holy days of obligation are either commemorations of particular events (such as the birth of Christ or the presentation of Jesus in the Temple), particular people (such as Jesus' earthly father, St. Joseph), or important theological concepts (such as the Kingship of Christ).

Ash Wednesday does not commemorate any event (nothing special happened forty days before the crucifixion -- at least not that we know of), and could only be said to indirectly commemorate a Person (Christ) since it is the beginning of preparation for the greater celebrations of Christ's saving work, which follow, and although Ash Wednesday is a day of penance (like all of the days of Lent except Sundays, which are feast days no matter when they occur in the liturgical calendar since they celebrate Christ's resurrection), the Church has never chosen to make it or any other specific day the definitive commemoration of the concept of repentance.

Lent From The  Encyclopaedia Britannica.

NOTES in the Christian church, period of penitential preparation for Easter.

In Western churches it begins on Ash Wednesday, 6 weeks before Easter, and provides for a 40-day fast (Sundays are excluded), in imitation of Jesus Christ's fasting in the wilderness.

In Eastern churches it begins eight weeks before Easter (both Saturdays and Sundays are excluded as fast days).

Since apostolic times a period of preparation and fasting has been observed before the Easter festival.

It was a time of preparation of candidates for baptism and a time of penance for sinners.

In the early centuries fasting rules were strict, as they still are in Eastern churches.

One meal a day was allowed in the evening, and meat, fish, eggs, and butter were forbidden.

In the West these fasting rules have gradually been relaxed.

The strict law of fasting among Roman Catholics was dispensed with during World War II, and only Ash Wednesday and Good Friday are now kept as Lenten fast days, though the emphasis on penitential practice remains

ASH WEDNESDAY in the Western Christian church, the first day of Lent, occurring 6 weeks before Easter—between February 4 and March 11, depending on the date of Easter.

In the early church, the length of the Lenten celebration varied.

In the 7th century, 4 days were added before the first Sunday in Lent in order to establish 40 fasting days, in imitation of Jesus' fast in the desert.In Rome penitents began their period of public penance on the first day of Lent.

They were sprinkled with ashes, dressed in sackcloth, and obliged to remain apart until they were reconciled with the Christian community on Maundy Thursday, the Thursday before Easter.

When these practices fell into disuse (8th–10th century), they were symbolized by placing ashes on the heads of the entire congregation.

This practice continues in Roman Catholicism, using ashes obtained by burning the palms used on the previous Palm Sunday.

Worship services are also held on Ash Wednesday in the churches of the Anglican Communion, in Lutheranism, and in some other Protestant churches.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, churches begin Lent on a Monday and therefore do not observe Ash Wednesday.