Ahead of the Flame - Feb. 25th, 2024
Luke: Living in Light of Promise • Sermon • Submitted • Presented • 1:05:55
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· 3 viewsIn a world filled with anticipation and confusion about true leadership, John the Baptist sets the record straight: he's just the warm-up act for Jesus, who brings a game-changing baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire, marking a pivotal shift towards a deeper, purifying relationship with God and signaling a call to genuine transformation and readiness for God's judgment.
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15 And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not;
16 John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire:
17 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
18 And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the people.
19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip’s wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done,
20 Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison.
Pre-Introduction:
Kid’s Corner: Sermon Opener - Illustration: The Puzzle Box
Materials Needed:
A box or container that can be closed and reopened. Inside the box, place various items that symbolically represent aspects of the Messiah's coming and John the Baptist's role, such as:
A small amount of water (to symbolize baptism).
A piece of wool or a small lamb figurine (representing the Lamb of God).
A miniature scroll or a piece of paper with a Scripture verse about the Messiah or a prophet.
Setup and Presentation:
Historical Expectation: Begin by showing the box and explaining that it represents the long-awaited promises of God for a Savior, as prophesied in the Scriptures. Just as the Jewish people held onto these promises, your audience is invited to ponder what's inside the box.
John's Unique Ministry: Reveal the water symbol inside the box, explaining how John's baptism in the wilderness was a sign of preparation for something greater to come. John's role was unique, acting as a bridge between the prophets of old and the fulfillment of God's promise.
Public Speculation: Discuss how John's actions and his powerful preaching stirred questions among the people, much like how we might wonder about the contents and significance of each item within the box. This speculation reflects the people's eagerness to understand and recognize the Messiah's arrival.
Cultural and Religious Significance: Finally, tie the items back to the people's deep longing for deliverance and freedom, symbolized by the scroll or Scripture verse. Just as these items collectively point to something greater than themselves, so did John point beyond himself to Jesus, the awaited Messiah who would fulfill the prophecies and expectations of a nation.
Conclusion: Close by emphasizing that just as the mystery box held symbols pointing to a greater reality, John the Baptist's ministry was designed to prepare hearts and minds for the coming of Jesus. This object lesson serves as a tangible reminder of the anticipation, speculation, and hope that surrounded John's ministry and the advent of Christ's mission on earth.
Revised (Improved) Expository Sermon Brief:
Formal Elements / Descriptive Data
Title: Ahead of the Flame: Preparing for the Inaugural Baptism of Jesus
Text: Luke 3:15-20
CIT: Luke 3:15-20 focuses on John the Baptist's clarification of his role and identity in relation to the coming Messiah. John emphasizes that he is not the Messiah but is preparing the way for someone greater, whose sandals he is not worthy to untie. This figure will baptize with the Holy Spirit and fire, distinguishing between the wheat and chaff. The passage highlights John's humility, his role as a forerunner to Jesus, and the impending judgment and purification brought by the Messiah.
Statement of Purpose:
(1) Major Objective (MO) - Evangelistic: This passage emphasizes the urgency of recognizing Jesus as the Messiah and the transformative power of His coming. The evangelistic objective is to lead individuals towards a decision for Christ, recognizing Him as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises and the one who baptizes with the Holy Spirit and fire.
(2) Specific Objective (SO) -
I want my hearer to understand the significance of John the Baptist's role in preparing the way for Jesus, to recognize the difference between John's baptism and the baptism of Jesus, and to respond to this revelation by personally committing to follow Jesus, embracing Him not just as Savior but as Lord who purifies and refines.
CPS: In the midst of anticipation and speculation, John the Baptist emphatically differentiates his ministry of preparation from the transformative ministry of Jesus, who baptizes with the Holy Spirit and fire, signifying a new era of purification, judgment, and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.
EPS:
In a world filled with anticipation and confusion about true leadership, John the Baptist sets the record straight: he's just the warm-up act for Jesus, who brings a game-changing baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire, marking a pivotal shift towards a deeper, purifying relationship with God and signaling a call to genuine transformation and readiness for God's judgment.
Structure of Delivery Method(s):
Combined: Start inductively by engaging the audience with the anticipation and confusion surrounding John the Baptist and the expectation of the Messiah taps into the narrative's natural suspense and buildup. This approach allows listeners to journey through the text, discovering its implications alongside John's audience. Transitioning to a deductive approach to clearly expound on the distinct roles of John and Jesus, and the transformative impact of Jesus' baptism, provides a solid conclusion, ensuring that the key theological points are clearly communicated and applied.
Informal Elements / Rhetorical Data:
Initiation - Life-Interest - Beginning Movement/Episode/Issue:
L.M. (Life-Material):
Introduction: Setting the Stage for the Baptist's Ministry (Luke 3:15)
Introduction: Setting the Stage for the Baptist's Ministry (Luke 3:15)
15 And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not;
A. Historical and Cultural Context: The era of Tiberius Caesar, Roman rule, and Jewish expectations.
A. Historical and Cultural Context: The era of Tiberius Caesar, Roman rule, and Jewish expectations.
Imagine standing amidst a crowd, the air thick with anticipation and excitement. Whispers fill the space, speculation buzzing like bees in the warmth of summer. The topic of conversation? None other than the enigmatic figure of John the Baptist. People from all walks of life gather, drawn by the rumors of a messenger heralding the long-awaited Messiah.
1. General Historical and Cultural Milieu:
a. Historical Circumstances: Our passage occurs in the fifteenth year of Tiberius Caesar's reign, highlighting a period of Roman political dominance and Jewish subjugation. John the Baptist's ministry, set against the backdrop of various regional rulers like Pontius Pilate, Herod Antipas, and high priests Annas and Caiaphas, sets the tone for the tension between the mission of Jesus and the earthly powers that be.
b. Cultural Norms: Everyday life had its challenges for a Jew living under the thumb of Rome. The social landscape was characterized by a rigid class system, Roman occupation, and a complex religious hierarchy. John's call for ethical reforms and repentance challenges both the socio-political and religious status quo, emphasizing social justice and ethical living over ritual purity or lineage pride.
c. Spiritual Disposition of the Audience: Amidst expectations of a Messiah to come and deliver Israel from Roman rule, John's ministry redirects hope towards spiritual renewal and ethical conduct as prerequisites for experiencing God's salvation. This period was marked by a heightened messianic expectation and a deep yearning for divine intervention.
2. Luke’s Purpose:
a. Explicit Statements/Phrases: The text explicitly presents John as preparing the way for Jesus, under his preaching, repentance and baptism were foundational to encountering the coming Messiah. John's role is to prepare the audience for Jesus' transformative ministry.
b. Parenetic/Hortatory Sections: John's admonitions to bear fruits worthy of repentance and his warnings against claiming Abraham's lineage for salvation highlight a call to personal and communal moral rebirthing.
c. Silences and Emphases: The emphasis on John's role as a herald rather than the Messiah himself, and the silence on traditional Jewish rituals for atonement, underscore a shift towards an inward, ethical, and spiritual preparation for the kingdom of God.
3. Surrounding Context:
a. Literary Forms/Genres: The passage is structured as prophetic pronouncement, with a focus on the contrast between John the Baptist and Jesus, particularly in terms of the baptisms they perform. This structure highlights Jesus' superiority and the transition from John's preparatory ministry to Jesus' messianic role.
b. Biblical Book Outline: Luke 3:15-20 serves as a pivotal section, transitioning from the introduction of John's ministry to a focus on Jesus. It underscores John's subordinate role and the greater promise found in Jesus, setting the stage for Jesus' public ministry that follows.
4. Immediate Context:
a. Connecting Words: The passage uses comparative language ("I but he") to juxtapose John's and Jesus' baptisms, highlighting the transition from the old to the new covenant.
b. Author's Perspective: Luke's presentation is nuanced, emphasizing John's prophetic role while clearly delineating his ministry as preparatory to Jesus' superior ministry.
c. Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Truth: The focus is descriptive, detailing John's role and the nature of Jesus' baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire, rather than prescribing specific actions for the audience.
d. Focus of Passage: The main teaching point is the announcement of Jesus' superior ministry and the baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire, indicating a new era of divine activity.
e. Intended Audience: The original audience includes both followers of John and the broader Jewish community, addressing their expectations and redirecting them towards Jesus as the Messiah.
5. Additional Insight(s):
This passage underscores a significant moment of transition in biblical history, emphasizing the end of the prophetic era of the Old Testament and the beginning of the New Covenant with Jesus' ministry. John the Baptist's role is crucial in preparing the way, signifying a shift towards spiritual introspection and ethical living as markers of God's people. The heightened expectation of the Messiah among the Jews and John's clarification of his role versus that of Jesus highlight the profound longing for redemption and the need for spiritual preparation. These elements collectively deepen our understanding of the passage's significance in the broader narrative of salvation history.
B. John's Prophetic Role: A voice challenging societal norms and calling for ethical living.
B. John's Prophetic Role: A voice challenging societal norms and calling for ethical living.
Isaiah 7:14 - This prophecy sets the stage for the miraculous nature of the Messiah's birth, indicating divine intervention and the fulfillment of God's promise to Israel.
14 Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
Isaiah 9:6-7 - These verses anticipate the coming of a divine ruler, highlighting the Messiah's reign of peace and justice.
6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.
7 Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.
Micah 5:2 - This specifies the Messiah's birthplace, Bethlehem, further detailing the expectations set forth by prophecy.
2 But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting.
L.I. (Life Issue):
But amid the fervor, questions linger like shadows in the twilight. Who is this John? Could he be the One they've been waiting for? As the anticipation mounts, a singular inquiry looms large: What is John's role in the grand narrative of God's redemptive plan?
Malachi 3:1 - This verse directly points to John the Baptist as the messenger who prepares the way for the Lord, setting the stage for the Messiah's arrival.
1 Behold, I will send my messenger, and he shall prepare the way before me: and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye delight in: behold, he shall come, saith the LORD of hosts.
Isaiah 40:3 - This prophecy is emblematic of John's ministry, as he preached in the wilderness, calling for repentance and making clear the path for the coming of Jesus.
3 The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God.
Continuation:
L.M. (Life-Material):
What is John’s Role? To unravel this mystery, let's journey back to the banks of the Jordan River, where John stands as a beacon of truth in a world shrouded in uncertainty. His words cut through the confusion like a sharp blade, as he addresses the crowd with conviction and clarity.
EXP. (Exposition):
In Luke 3:15-20, we encounter John at a pivotal moment in history. Amidst speculation about his identity, John sets the record straight: he is not the Messiah but a humble messenger preparing the way for someone greater. He speaks of a baptism not with water, but with the Holy Spirit and fire, signaling a transformative era of purification and judgment ushered in by the Messiah.
I. The People's Expectations and John's Clarification (Luke 3:15-17)
I. The People's Expectations and John's Clarification (Luke 3:15-17)
15 And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not;
16 John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire:
17 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
A. Anticipation of the Messiah: Debates surrounding John's identity and the awaited Christ.
A. Anticipation of the Messiah: Debates surrounding John's identity and the awaited Christ.
1. Cultural Expectations: Reflecting the people's hope for deliverance.
1. Cultural Expectations: Reflecting the people's hope for deliverance.
προσδοκᾶν (Prosodokan, "waiting/expecting"): Typically used to denote an anticipation or expectation, often with an eschatological or future-oriented connotation. The expectation and speculation among the people regarding John's identity highlight a collective anticipation of messianic fulfillment, reflecting the cultural and religious longing for deliverance.
διαλογίζομαι (Dialogizomai, "debated/wondered"): Reflects a process of internal questioning or reasoning, indicating a deeper contemplation or speculation.
a. Roman Occupation and Its Impact:
i. Detail the political and social ramifications of Roman rule over Judea, emphasizing the loss of national sovereignty and the longing for liberation among the Jewish people.
ii. Highlight how Roman taxation and the presence of Roman soldiers contributed to social unrest and a desire for a Messiah who would restore Israel's independence.
b. Religious Oppression and Expectation:
i. Describe the religious challenges faced by the Jewish people under Roman rule, including limitations on religious practices and the influence of Hellenistic culture.
ii. Discuss how these challenges fueled a deeper spiritual longing for a Messiah who would not only free them politically but also restore religious purity and practice.
c. Prophetic Promises of Deliverance:
i. Refer to specific Old Testament prophecies that the Jewish people believed foretold the coming of a Messiah (e.g., Isaiah 9:6-7, Daniel 7:13-14) and how these scriptures shaped their expectations.
13 I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him.
14 And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.
ii. Explain how the fulfillment of these prophecies was eagerly awaited as a solution to their current oppression and as a restoration of Davidic kingship.
d. The Role of Messianic Movements:
i. Previous Messianic Movements/Figures Before John the Baptist: Briefly outline previous messianic movements or figures that emerged before John the Baptist, highlighting the people's readiness to rally behind someone who could fulfill their hopes for liberation.
a) Judas Maccabeus (2nd Century BCE): Led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire; celebrated during Hanukkah. His successes in restoring Jewish worship at the Temple made him a figure of messianic expectations for liberation and religious freedom.
b) Judas of Galilee (1st Century CE): Rebelled against Roman taxation around 6 CE, advocating for God as the only ruler over Israel. His movement inspired zeal for national sovereignty and resistance to Roman rule.
c) Theudas (Mid 1st Century CE): Claimed he could part the Jordan River and led a large following. His movement ended when Roman forces killed him, dispersing his followers.
ii. Disappointment and Skepticism from Failed Expectations: Note the disappointment and skepticism that might have arisen from failed messianic expectations, setting the stage for John's ministry and the questioning of his role.
a) Cyclical Disappointments: Each failed uprising or movement led to disillusionment among the Jewish people, who suffered under the consequent crackdowns by occupying powers. The cycle of hope and disappointment created a context of skepticism and longing for a true Messiah.
b) John's Different Approach: Unlike the militant or political messiahs before him, John the Baptist's call to repentance and spiritual preparation for the Kingdom of God offered a new kind of hope. This shift from political to spiritual liberation might have initially confused or disappointed those expecting a warrior Messiah, thereby intensifying the scrutiny of his role and message.
iii. Example: The story of Theudas, who promised miraculous deliverance but was ultimately killed by Roman forces, serves as a poignant example of the kind of messianic figures that preceded John. His failure, like others, may have contributed to a wary and weary populace, eager for genuine change but cautious of false promises. This historical context sets the stage for understanding the unique anticipation and questioning surrounding John the Baptist's ministry, as the people were desperate for a true savior yet burnt by past disappointments.
Application: Anticipating Transformation Today
The people of God in John’s day were filled with expectation and questioned whether John the Baptist might be the Christ. This expectation was rooted in a deep longing for deliverance and spiritual renewal. Just as the people of John’s time were in a state of anticipation, we too await Christ’s appearance in power and glory. We must remain vigilant, watching in prayer and openness to the work of the Holy Spirit today. What are your expectations? What longings do you have for your own spiritual growth? Where do you still need spiritual guidance?
Our waiting must be an "active waiting,” by engaging in practices that prepare one’s heart and mind for the transformative work of God, such as prayer, meditation on Scripture, and serving one another. The anticipation of God’s work in our lives is grounded in the promises of Scripture and the assurance of Christ’s presence and power among us. Hold onto hope, knowing that just as the expectation of the Messiah was fulfilled in Jesus, our longing for spiritual renewal and transformation is being fulfilled in Him today.
2. John's Humble Denial: Differentiating his baptism from the Messiah's.
2. John's Humble Denial: Differentiating his baptism from the Messiah's.
John's self-positioning as inferior to the coming "mightier one" underscores his role as a forerunner, emphasizing the superiority of the baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire that the Messiah will bring. This baptism signifies a comprehensive spiritual transformation and judgment, contrasting with John's water baptism.
John as Elijah: The narrative positions John in the prophetic role akin to Elijah, calling for repentance and preparing the way for the Lord. This connection is symbolic of the fulfillment of Malachi's prophecy (Malachi 4:5-6), establishing a theological bridge between the Old and New Testaments.
5 Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD:
6 And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.
God is actively involved in human history, guiding it towards His redemptive purposes.
B. John's Prophetic Message: Foretelling the coming of a greater figure.
B. John's Prophetic Message: Foretelling the coming of a greater figure.
1. Baptism with the Holy Spirit and Fire: Symbolizing spiritual renewal and judgment.
1. Baptism with the Holy Spirit and Fire: Symbolizing spiritual renewal and judgment.
ἰσχυρότερος (Ischyroteros, "mightier/stronger"): Comparative form indicating someone of greater strength, power, or authority.
ὕδατι (Hydati, "with water"): Literal element used in John's baptism, symbolizing purification but lacking the transformative power of the Spirit.
πνεῦμα ἁγίῳ (Pneuma Hagio, "Holy Spirit"): Indicates the divine presence and power, often associated with purification, empowerment, and indwelling of God's presence.
πυρί (Pyri, "fire"): Symbolizes judgment, purification, or the presence of God in a consuming and purifying manner.
As people were eagerly waiting and wondering if John might be the promised Savior, John clarified that he was just preparing the way with water baptism. He spoke of someone much greater coming soon who would offer a more profound baptism with God's Spirit and fire—a transformation for those who accept and a warning for those who refuse. John urged everyone to get ready for this turning point. Despite his bold message, John's confrontation with Herod over moral issues led to his imprisonment, marking the end of his mission and setting the stage for the Messiah's arrival.
Note - The use of the present tense in Greek often signifies ongoing action. For example, John's statement about baptizing with water (a present action) contrasts with the future act of Jesus baptizing with the Holy Spirit and fire, highlighting the imminent change in era.
The call for repentance and baptism as signs of inward transformation reflects God's desire for a personal and communal relationship with humanity, centered on faith and obedience.
2. Symbolic Imagery: Separating wheat from chaff, illustrating the Messiah's purification.
2. Symbolic Imagery: Separating wheat from chaff, illustrating the Messiah's purification.
T.R. (Tentative Resolution):
John's proclamation challenges us to consider our own expectations and understanding of Jesus. Are we seeking Him merely for temporal relief, or do we grasp the depth of His transformative power in our lives?
The original audience, familiar with Old Testament prophecies, would understand John's role in the messianic expectations of Israel. His call for ethical transformation and his identification of Jesus as the Messiah resonate with their hopes for redemption and a new covenant relationship with God.
Analysis of Literary Devices:
Metaphor: The concept of baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire functions as a metaphor for the transformative and purifying work of Jesus, distinguishing it from John's water baptism.
Parables: The passage itself does not contain parables but sets the stage for the kind of teachings Jesus would later employ.
Allegories: The description of Jesus wielding a winnowing fork to clear the threshing floor and separate wheat from chaff serves as an allegory for the final judgment, delineating the righteous from the wicked.
Types: John the Baptist serves as a typological figure, representing the last of the Old Testament prophets and preparing the way for Jesus, the fulfillment of messianic prophecies.
Prophecy: The passage contains prophetic elements, particularly in John's pronouncements about the coming of one mightier than he and the ensuing baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire, signifying the eschatological judgment and salvation.
a. Winnowing Fork:
i. Separation Process: Illustrates the Messiah's discerning judgment, separating the wheat (righteous) from the chaff (unrighteous).
ii. Divine Discernment: Emphasizes Jesus' role in distinguishing true repentance and faith from mere outward appearances.
26 A wise king scattereth the wicked, and bringeth the wheel over them.
7 And I will fan them with a fan in the gates of the land; I will bereave them of children, I will destroy my people, since they return not from their ways.
b. Threshing Floor:
i. Place of Judgment: Symbolizes the world or the church where the separation occurs, indicating a place of decision and revelation.
ii. Harvest Imagery: Connects to biblical themes of harvest, where the end of age brings a gathering of the faithful and the judgment of the wicked.
Illustration: The Winnowing Process
Winnowing Fork and Threshing Floor: Describe how in ancient agricultural practices, the winnowing fork was used to toss the grain into the air, allowing the wind to separate the lighter chaff from the heavier, valuable grain. This process occurred at the threshing floor, a designated area where the crucial separation took place.
Separation and Judgment: This sifting process pictures Jesus' discernment in perfect judgment—separating those who are genuine in their faith (wheat) from those who are not (chaff). Just as the winnowing fork is already in His hand, Jesus is ready to enact this separation, emphasizing His readiness and authority to judge.
Purification and Destruction - A Dual Outcome: the gathering of wheat into the storehouse represents salvation and protection for the faithful, and the burning of chaff symbolizing the final, irreversible judgment for those who reject Him. This ties back to the Old Testament and Jewish imagery of unquenchable fire used for judgment, underscoring the seriousness of Jesus' mission compared to John's preparatory role.
Jesus' Superior Authority: John’s remarks about Jesus instituting judgment for God underscores Jesus' superior authority and role in God's redemptive plan, as will be further revealed in Acts.
This illustration not only brings to life the agricultural practices of the time but also provides a tangible understanding of the theological concepts of judgment, purification, and the distinct roles of John the Baptist and Jesus. It helps the congregation grasp the seriousness of Jesus' mission and the importance of being among the "wheat" through genuine faith and repentance.
Judgment and Mercy: The imagery of winnowing, separating wheat from chaff, encapsulates the eschatological judgment. It underscores the mercy offered through repentance and the inevitable judgment for those who persist in rebellion against God's sovereign rule.
The language of Luke focuses our attention, like a laser point, or a spotlight, if you will, on the anticipation of the Messiah by the people in light of John the Baptist's own clarification of his role compared to the coming one. While Luke is discusses the expectation of the people, he paints them for us as debating in their hearts about John potentially being the Christ, all the while John's response is emphasizing that his baptism is a lesser baptism with water, versus the mightier one who will baptize with something even greater, the Holy Spirit and fire. Luke also relates John's warning about the coming judgment, the division between the wheat and the chaff, and his exhortation to the people. Additionally, he additionally provides historical details of Herod's imprisoning of John to his list of wrongdoings, emphasizing the contrast between John's prophetic ministry and Herod's political actions.
Application:
1. Reflective Questions:
John recognized that there are some things that ONLY Jesus can do. As powerful as John’s ministry was, it could only go so far. Jesus had to come and bring the ultimate fulfillment. As I consider the “Greatest born among women” and how he describes himself as being “unworthy” when compared to Jesus, I too, cannot help but feel smaller than small. But here, in this place of humility, my soul is exalted, because I can look unto the hills, from whence cometh my help. The Lord is my helper; I shall not be moved.
a. Self-Examination: Think back to your own baptism (or spiritual commitment). Was it merely an outward act or was it a genuine step towards transformation and dedication to God's will.
b. Understanding of Baptism: What was different about John’s baptism and the baptism of the Holy Spirit and fire that Jesus offers. What does it mean for you today to be baptized with the Holy Spirit, in light of that coming day when this old sinful world will be baptized with fire at the Second Coming of Christ?
2. Actionable Steps:
a. Commitment to Repentance: Let’s remember that we have been crucified with Christ, nevertheless, I live, but the life I live now, I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave Himself for me. The Old Man is dead, but the Old Nature is still corrupt, and lives on until my glorification. Therefore, you and I need to live out the sentiment of John's baptism by actively turning away from sin in our daily lives and seeking God’s forgiveness and purification. This can include specific commitments to change or seeking reconciliation with others.
b. Seeking the Holy Spirit: Pursue the Holy Spirit's work in your life, yield to Him to find empowerment for service, to exercise your spiritual gifts, and enjoy the fullness of the fruit of the Spirit as you work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. Study how to be a better prayer warrior, come apart before you come apart - take a spiritual retreat for yourself occasionally, or in your devotions, make a goal to do a personal study in the Bible on the role of the Holy Spirit.
c. Living in Anticipation of Judgment: Remember, Jesus will come one day, and judge the quick and the dead. John’s message points forward to the time when Jesus will winnow out the wheat from the chaff. He will thrust in that winnowing fork and throughly purge His threshing floor during the Time of Jacob’s Trouble. Living in light of this truth should influence you daily decisions, what you make as your priorities, and who you determine will be in your circle of relationships. Above all, make sure that your choices mark you out as being counted among the wheat to be gathered into His storehouse, and not the chaff which will be burned in fire unquenchable, where the worm dieth not, and there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
3. Community Engagement:
a. Service and Outreach: Faith without works is dead, being alone. In our communities, let’s show them our faith by our works, and not be guilty before God of simply telling those who are in desperate need around us, “Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled” Nevertheless, ye give them not those things that are needful for the body, when you have every means to do otherwise.
b. Educational Opportunities: Let’s have some bible studies, and classes where you can teach others about the Holy Spirit's role, what baptism is and is not, as we navigate how to live out our faith in a complex world. Who have you shared the doctrines of God’s Word with lately?
c. Worship and Prayer: Sometimes, we baptists are so scared of being called names that we are afraid to fully experience the Holy Spirit’s filling and guidance. Our church needs to seek the power of God’s presence through the third Person of the Triune Godhead without hesitation.
T.S. (Transitional Sentence/Vehicle):
As we delve deeper into John's message, let's explore the significance of his call to repentance and the urgency of preparing our hearts for the coming of Christ.
Next Movement:
L.M. (Life-Material):
John's words pierce through the crowd, echoing down the corridors of time to confront us today. His call to repentance reverberates in our souls, urging us to turn away from sin and embrace the transformative work of Christ.
EXP. (Exposition):
In Luke 3:18, John challenges us to bear fruits worthy of repentance, rejecting complacency and relying solely on our heritage for salvation. He calls us to engage in ethical living, preparing our hearts for the Messiah's imminent arrival.
II. Ethical Exhortation and Warnings of Judgment (Luke 3:18)
II. Ethical Exhortation and Warnings of Judgment (Luke 3:18)
18 And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the people.
A. Call to Repentance: Producing fruits indicative of genuine repentance.
A. Call to Repentance: Producing fruits indicative of genuine repentance.
1. Preaching Good News with a Focus on Repentance: John's preaching, described as bringing good news, emphasized the necessity of repentance as the foundation for ethical living and social justice.
Application: Repentance is not a “One-Time” transaction deal. Think of it more as a “Posture.” Identify areas in your life where you need to turn back to God and to commit to making those changes. You may have gotten them corrected before, but you’ve let them slip. We’re all creatures of habit. You may not have been aware of a certain fault until it was recently brought to your attention. Can you humble yourself? Or will God have to humble you? Trust me, it’s always better to come to the light, leaving the darkness of your own volition, rather than having to be extracted from darkness by the omnipotent and omniscient hand of God.
2. Judgment as a Catalyst for Change: The announcement of coming judgment served not only as a warning but also as a motivator for individuals to re-evaluate their lives and engage in acts of kindness and justice.
Application: Our Spiritual walk is a Battleground, not a Playground. Let’s have some more of a sense of urgency about our walk with God. What acts of kindness and justice can you do this week as a tangible expression of repentance and transformation?
3. Repentance Leading to True a Relationship: Repentance, symbolized by baptism with water, was portrayed as a crucial step toward being in fellowship with God, highlighting the importance of a changed heart and direction in life.
Application: Repentance is the Gateway to Fellowship. Let’s commit together to keep a short account of sin, and put ourselves under godly accountability, as we seek out ways to serve one another in mutual submission, each preferring the other over his or her self.
B. Caution Against Complacency: Rejecting reliance on heritage for salvation.
B. Caution Against Complacency: Rejecting reliance on heritage for salvation.
Despite the stark warnings of judgment, John also preached the good news of God's salvation for Israel, and through the Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Jesus Christ, the salvation available to the whole world through the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world, offering hope and redemption to those who would repent and believe.
1. The Dual Message of Judgment and Salvation: John's message contained elements of both judgment and the good news of God's salvation, emphasizing that acknowledgment of sin and turning away from it are necessary for experiencing God's saving grace.
Application: John’s message carried with it both a comfort of hope, as well as a call for conviction. Herein lies the balance between recognizing our sinfulness and embracing the hope of Jesus Christ for our redemption, which can only come through faith, as demonstrated from an attitude of humility and gratitude for God’s grace.
2. The Role of the Holy Spirit in Salvation: True salvation was depicted as going beyond the symbolic act of water baptism to include the transformative work of the Holy Spirit, marking a genuine inward change and commitment to God.
Application: There is only One Person who can bring about true change from the inside out, and that is the Holy Spirit. Are you open to the His leading? Are you sensitive to His guidance? If so, you have come to know the importance of reading Scripture every day, being constant in prayer without ceasing, and the joy of the fellowship that is to be had in these.
C. Urgency of Moral Transformation: Preparing for the Messiah through ethical living.
C. Urgency of Moral Transformation: Preparing for the Messiah through ethical living.
To the original recipients, this passage conveyed a powerful message of imminent change. John's ministry signified the fulfillment of prophecy and the nearing of God's kingdom. His emphasis on ethical living and his announcement of Jesus as the coming Judge and Savior would challenge them to reconsider their lives in light of God's coming reign.
T.R. (Tentative Resolution):
Yet, amidst the urgency of John's message, we often find ourselves entangled in the trappings of this world. Are we willing to heed his call, or do we continue to cling to the comforts of our own making?
1. Baptism as Preparation for Jesus' Ministry: John's baptism was a preparatory act, setting the stage for the Messiah's arrival and emphasizing the need for spiritual readiness among God's people.
Application: Baptism is a picture of submission as well as a step for preparation. Can you go back to your baptism? Do you remember the day you made a commitment to live for Jesus? Let’s renew that commitment today. If you have been baptized, I’m not saying that you should get physically baptized again, unless you have cause to question. But you can, today, renew that same heart that said, “Lord, I will follow You.” If you have never followed the Lord in Believer’s Baptism, then you and I need to talk, post-haste.
2. Conversion as the Goal of John's Ministry: The broader goal of John's ministry was to lead people to a point of conversion—a life-changing experience marked by both outward signs and inward transformation, facilitated by the Holy Spirit.
Application: “Converted” is a good Bible word, but I think we have become afraid of it.
The Lord lamented about His people, and the hardness of their hearts, and yet promised, “Lest they be converted, and I should heal them.”
Jesus told Peter, after He vouchsafed His prayers for him, “When thou art converted, strengthen thy brethren.” Does your life reflect a genuine conversion? If we were to put a big measuring stick on the wall, and fill it with your soul, how would you measure up right now when it comes to: love, justice, and mercy.
Illustration: The Courageous Call of John the Baptist
- John the Baptist preached boldly and with clarity, urging people to turn from their wrong ways and return to the Lord and His ways.
- He emphasized the need for genuine repentance, a complete turnaround, and a change of heart, mind, and will.
- John's call to ethical living was marked by genuine transformation and emphasized the importance of not only hearing the gospel but also responding to it through tangible, ethical, and just living.
- His ministry serves as an enduring example for contemporary believers, urging us to examine our lives for evidence of genuine repentance and to live out our faith through actions that align with God's expectations.
- John's message was particularly poignant when directed at the religious leaders of the time, whom he boldly called "a brood of vipers," challenging their presumption of righteousness based solely on lineage to Abraham.
Application: Let’s not just hear the gospel, but let’s respond to it through ethical, just living that mirrors the kingdom of God. How can you personally demonstrate repentance and ethical transformation in your daily life this week? What might you be willing and able to volunteer for to help rectify a social ill? Are you tired of the broken systems of today? Then do something about it. You should feel empowered today. Stop making excuses, and do something with your faith. There is a community out here that needs you to serve it. There is a neighbor that needs to see kindness and equity. There is someone who you do work for that needs to see that not everyone in this world is a “Taker” but actually lives out the truth that Jesus taught through Paul, “For it is more blessed to give than receive.”
T.S. (Transitional Sentence/Vehicle):
Transition: As we have seen, John's ministry was not merely about calling for repentance and ethical living but also preparing the way for something—and Someone—far greater. This preparation was marked by a call to action: to live justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with our God. Yet, John's role as a herald of the Messiah also led him into direct conflict with the powers of his day, exemplifying the cost of prophetic witness. Transitioning from the broader implications of John's message, we now turn to a moment of personal and political confrontation that highlights the courage required to speak God's truth to power. This brings us to John's courageous confrontation with Herod, a stark reminder of the price of standing firm in the face of moral failure and injustice.
Consummation:
L.M. (Life-Material):
In the shadow of Herod's palace, John stands as a beacon of truth, unwavering in his conviction even in the face of persecution. His imprisonment serves as a stark reminder of the cost of discipleship and the radical call to follow Christ.
EXP. (Exposition):
As we conclude our journey through Luke 3:15-20, let’s embrace the profound truth of John's ministry. He was not the light, but he came to bear witness to the light – the light of Christ, who brings hope, redemption, and transformation to all who believe.
III. John's Rebuke of Herod and Imprisonment (Luke 3:19-20)
III. John's Rebuke of Herod and Imprisonment (Luke 3:19-20)
19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip’s wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done,
20 Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison.
A. Confrontation with Political Power: John's stand against Herod's immoral actions.
A. Confrontation with Political Power: John's stand against Herod's immoral actions.
1. Rebuke of Herod's Moral Failures: Detail John's bold criticism of Herod for his illicit marriage to Herodias, his brother's wife, and other evils.
a. Specific Critique: John openly criticized Herod for marrying Herodias, his brother Philip's wife, which was not only against Jewish law but also a public scandal.
Illustration: Modern-Day Whistleblower
Context: Let me draw a parallel here between John the Baptist's confrontation with Herod and a genuine modern-day whistleblower who exposes corruption or unethical practices within a government, corporation, or powerful institution. Just as John openly criticized Herod's unlawful marriage, a whistleblower might expose specific illegal actions or ethical violations within their organization, risking their career and reputation to do so.
b. Broader Ethical Condemnation: John's rebuke extended beyond this single act, addressing Herod's overall moral failures and abuses of power.
Illustration (cont.): Like John, whistleblowers often challenge not just individual actions but a culture of corruption or moral decay.
Application: Let’s do our part to uphold moral integrity in our personal lives, communities, and workplaces. Just as John did not hesitate to address moral failures, we too are called to live by and advocate for ethical standards, reflecting Christ's teachings in every aspect of life. It takes great courage to stand against unethical practices and it is vital to support those who bravely speak the truth, even at great personal risk. I think of our many legislators, some of whom we got to meet last week personally, who each day, have to enter the well before their colleagues, and face the challenge to speak the truth in the face of vitriol and paganistic hatred for our Judeo-Christian heritage and values. They need to know that they are not alone as they stand. Many times, the only reason they hear from us is when we complain, but let’s be fervent to not forget them when they do well too.
2. John's Prophetic Courage: John's was fearless in his adherence to truth and righteousness, embodying the role of a prophet who speaks God’s word without compromise.
a. Unwavering Truth: John's boldness in speaking truth to power demonstrates his commitment to righteousness over personal safety or political expediency.
Illustration (cont.): A genuine whistleblower must be dedicated to truth and integrity, even when faced with intimidation, mirroring John's unwavering stand against Herod's actions.
b. Prophetic Tradition: This act places John firmly within the tradition of Old Testament prophets who confronted kings and leaders over their sins and led by example.
Illustration (cont.): In speaking out, the whistleblower follows in the tradition of prophetic voices throughout history who have courageously called out injustice and wrongdoing.
Application: Let me encourage you, be bold in speaking truth, especially in situations where it might be easier to remain silent. John's example teaches us the value of prophetic courage—speaking God’s truth to power and advocating for righteousness. As followers of Christ, we are called to be lights in the world, which sometimes means taking a stand on controversial issues or against popular opinions, following the example of the prophets (Matt. 5:10-13).
10 Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness’ sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
11 Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.
12 Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you.
13 Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
B. Integrity in Prophetic Ministry: The price of truth-telling and the transition to Jesus' ministry.
B. Integrity in Prophetic Ministry: The price of truth-telling and the transition to Jesus' ministry.
1. Imprisonment: John's imprisonment is a direct consequence of his fearless proclamation of truth, showcasing the risks associated with prophetic ministry.
Illustration (cont.): Discuss the real-world consequences faced by whistleblowers, such as legal action, imprisonment, or professional ostracization, paralleling John's imprisonment.
2. Martyrdom as a Testament: John's ultimate fate—his execution—underscores the cost of discipleship and prophetic witness, serving as a powerful testament to his commitment to God's truth.
Illustration (cont.): despite potential personal loss or even death, the act of standing for truth leaves a lasting impact and serves as a testament to their commitment to righteousness, akin to John's ultimate sacrifice. Those who selflessly stand up for timeless truths today serve to illustrate the nature of prophetic courage and the cost of standing for truth in the face of corrupted powers that be. Today, we have many voices who honor John's legacy and encourage us as believers to embody similar courage and integrity in our own lives.
Application: Standing for truth can come with a cost, as it did for John the Baptist. Whether it's strained relationships, misunderstanding, or even persecution, being a witness for Christ means being prepared for potential hardships. While few may face martyrdom today as John did, standing for what is right is a powerful legacy to leave behind. Consider what you want your legacy to be and how you can live lives of integrity and courage.
Illustration: Thomas Becket's Stand Against King Henry II
Just as John the Baptist fearlessly declared the coming of Jesus and distinguished his own ministry from that of the Messiah, Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, exemplified unwavering courage by standing up against the political authority of King Henry II. Becket's initial closeness with the king turned into a stark confrontation when he chose the authority of the church over the king's desires.
Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was executed due to a conflict with King Henry II of England over the rights and privileges of the Church. The tension between Becket and Henry II escalated after Becket was appointed Archbishop because he began to defend the Church's autonomy against royal interference, opposing the king's efforts to diminish the ecclesiastical authority and to assert royal jurisdiction over clerical matters. This dispute culminated in Becket's murder by four knights, who believed they were acting on a rash statement by the king expressing a desire to be rid of Becket. Becket's martyrdom occurred in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29, 1170. He was later canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church, and his stand against the encroachments of the crown made him a symbol of the Church's struggle for independence.
Becket's refusal to compromise on moral and spiritual principles, even to the point of martyrdom, mirrors John's role in challenging the societal and religious status quo, urging repentance, and preparing the way for a transformative spiritual kingdom over and above earthly power.
The cost of discipleship may be great, but we must stand firm in our convictions, regardless of opposition. Like John the Baptist, individuals throughout history have faced persecution and even death for upholding the truth and righteousness. “Think it not strange” when fiery trials come your way.
C. Narrative Transition: Paving the way for Jesus' public ministry.
C. Narrative Transition: Paving the way for Jesus' public ministry.
F.R. (Final Resolution):
Conclusion: The Theological and Messianic Significance of John's Ministry
Conclusion: The Theological and Messianic Significance of John's Ministry
A. Preparation for the New Covenant: Transition from Old Testament prophecy to Jesus' era.
A. Preparation for the New Covenant: Transition from Old Testament prophecy to Jesus' era.
Later New Testament writings clarify the nature of John's baptism as a precursor to Christian baptism, which pictures death to sin and new life in Christ. The passage's emphasis on ethical transformation is deepened by teachings on the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, which empowers believers for holy living.
B. John as the Messiah's Forerunner: Emphasizing the need for spiritual readiness.
B. John as the Messiah's Forerunner: Emphasizing the need for spiritual readiness.
C. Anticipation of God's Kingdom: John's ministry as a call to readiness for Jesus' transformative work.
C. Anticipation of God's Kingdom: John's ministry as a call to readiness for Jesus' transformative work.
Illustration: “Take My Life and Let It Be”
The hymn "Take My Life, and Let It Be" was composed by Frances Ridley Havergal in 1874, reflecting a profound moment of spiritual consecration and commitment to Christ. Havergal, known as the "consecration poet," was deeply committed to living a life dedicated to Christ and assisting those in physical or spiritual need. Her inspiration for this hymn came during a visit to Areley House, where she prayed for all the individuals in the house to receive God's blessing. Remarkably, by the end of her visit, each person had experienced a spiritual blessing. This experience fueled her to spend a night in prayer and consecration, during which the verses of the hymn formed in her heart.
Frances Havergal was a talented individual, known for her singing and piano skills, as well as her linguistic abilities in modern languages, Hebrew, and Greek. Despite her frail health and relatively short life, she made significant contributions to Christian hymnody and literature, expressing a simple yet profound faith through her works.
"Take My Life, and Let It Be" encapsulates Havergal's total surrender to Christ, covering various aspects of life that believers are called to consecrate to God. The hymn begins with an offering of one's life and days to God's service, extending to hands, feet, voice, and even material possessions. It culminates in a dedication of the believer's will, heart, love, and entire self to God, embodying a spirit of complete submission to His will.
This hymn speaks to our generation, which longs for transformation and searches for true joy and fulfillment. In an age of confusion and fleeting pleasures, Havergal's words remind us that true contentment and purpose are found in surrendering our lives entirely to God. By offering every aspect of our lives to Him, we embrace the transformation we seek, finding joy in service and fulfillment in His love. Havergal's example of giving up her possessions for missionary work further exemplifies living out one's faith through actions, not just words, a message that remains relevant and challenging for believers today.
“Your members as servants to righteousness unto holiness.” Rom. 6:19.
19 I speak after the manner of men because of the infirmity of your flesh: for as ye have yielded your members servants to uncleanness and to iniquity unto iniquity; even so now yield your members servants to righteousness unto holiness.
1 Take my life, and let it be
Consecrated, Lord to Thee;
Take my moments and my days,
Let them flow in ceaseless praise.
2 Take my hands, and let them move
At the impulse of Thy love;
Take my feet, and let them be
Swift and beautiful for Thee.
3 Take my voice, and let me sing
Always, only, for my King;
Take my lips, and let them be
Filled with messages from Thee.
4 Take my silver and my gold,
Not a mite would I withhold;
Take my intellect, and use
Every power as Thou shalt choose.
5 Take my will, and make it Thine,
It shall be no longer mine;
Take my heart, it is Thine own,
It shall be Thy royal throne.
6 Take my love, my Lord, I pour
At Thy feet its treasure store;
Take myself, and I will be,
Ever, only, all for Thee.
Frances R. Havergal, 1858.
87 Take My Life and Let It Be (Osbeck, 101 Hymnstories)
Author—Frances R. Havergal, 1836–1879
Composer—H. A. Cesar Malan, 1787–1864
Tune Name—“Hendon”
Meter—77.77
Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.
31 Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.
Frances Ridley Havergal, born on December 14, 1836, at Astley, Worcestershire, England, is often referred to as “the consecration poet.” It has been said that the beauty of a consecrated life has never been more perfectly revealed than in her daily living. Wherever she saw spiritual and physical needs, Frances Havergal was there with genuine concern.
At the age of four she began reading and memorizing the Bible. At the age of seven she was already writing her thoughts in verse. She was greatly encouraged by her father, William Havergal, an influential Anglican clergyman, who for many years was involved in improving and composing English hymnody. Throughout her brief life Miss Havergal was frail and delicate in health, yet she was an avid student, writer and composer. She learned several modern languages as well as Greek and Hebrew.
In her childhood years Frances lived in morbid fear that she would not be counted among God’s elect. However, during early adolescence she had a vital conversion experience and later wrote, “There and then I committed my soul to the Savior—and earth and heaven seemed bright from that moment.” She was a natural musician with a voice so pleasing that she was sought after as a concert soloist. She was also known as a brilliant pianist of the classics. Despite these musical talents, coupled with a vibrant personality offering possibilities for much worldly acclaim, her life’s mission was to sing and work for Jesus.
“Take My Life and Let It Be” was written by Miss Havergal in 1874. She has left the following account:
I went for a little visit of five days. There were ten persons in the house; some were unconverted and long prayed for, some converted but not rejoicing Christians. He gave me the prayer, “Lord, give me all in this house.” And He just did. Before I left the house, everyone had got a blessing. The last night of my visit I was too happy to sleep and passed most of the night in renewal of my consecration, and these little couplets formed themselves and chimed in my heart one after another till they finished with “ever only, ALL FOR THEE!”
Her prayer, “Take my silver and my gold; not a mite would I withhold,” was not lightly stated. In August, 1878, Miss Havergal wrote to a friend,
The Lord has shown me another little step, and, of course, I have taken it with extreme delight. “Take my silver and my gold” now means shipping off all my ornaments to the church Missionary House, including a jewel cabinet that is really fit for a countess, where all will be accepted and disposed of for me.… Nearly fifty articles are being packed up. I don’t think I ever packed a box with such pleasure.
While Frances Havergal was writing her many fine hymns in England, Fanny Crosby, America’s blind poetess, was also enriching lives with her numerous favorites. Although these two women never met, each was an ardent admirer of the other.
At the age of forty-two, when told by her physician that her physical condition was serious and that she did not have long to live, Miss Havergal replied, “If I am really going, it is too good to be true.” At the bottom of her bed she had her favorite text placed where she could readily see it: “The blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanseth us from all sin.”
Frances R. Havergal is also the author of the hymn, “I Gave My Life for Thee” (No. 34), and “I Am Trusting Thee, Lord Jesus” (101 More Hymn Stories, No. 38).
Cesar Malan, composer of this tune in 1823, was an ordained pastor of the State Reformed Church in Switzerland. Later he was dismissed from this church for his strong preaching against its formalism and spiritual apathy, and he became a fervent leader in his country for the evangelical faith. He was also a noted evangelist who made preaching tours of France, Belgium and Great Britain. Although he wrote over 1000 hymn texts and tunes, he is remembered chiefly for this particular tune, “Hendon,” thought to be named after a high hill located a few miles northeast of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, England. The tune first appeared in an American hymnal published by Lowell Mason in 1841.
Application to Contemporary Christian Life
Repentance and Ethical Living: Living lives of integrity and compassion in anticipation of God's kingdom.
Recognition of Divine Authority: Acknowledging God's sovereignty over human affairs.
Humility in Spiritual Preparation: Embracing humility as we await divine intervention.
Engagement in Social Justice: Addressing contemporary issues with ethical transformation.
Readiness for God's Kingdom: Remaining spiritually prepared for God's transformative work.
Respond to John's call with humility and obedience, recognizing Jesus as the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises and embracing Him as both Savior and Lord. May our lives be marked by repentance, ethical living, and readiness for the transformative work of Christ in our hearts and in the world around us. Amen.