1 Corinthians 10:1-22 - A Gospel Warning
Marc Minter
1 Corinthians • Sermon • Submitted • Presented
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· 57 viewsMain Point: God has given warnings, and He urges Christians to persevere, because He will only save in the end those who continue in repentance and faith.
Notes
Transcript
Introduction
Introduction
In the fictional story The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, four siblings (Peter, Edmund, Susan, and Lucy) enter a world that C. S. Lewis created more than 70 years ago. It was a story intended to be an analogy of the Bible’s overarching storyline. Sons and daughters of Adam are the centerpiece of a war between a false queen of cold and death and the true king of warmth and life.
Shortly after the four siblings arrive in the magical land of Narnia, through an enchanted wardrobe, they meet a family of talking beavers. Mr. and Mrs. Beaver explain what has happened in Narnia and what is vaguely to be expected. The true king (Aslan) is the most mysterious character of all, and Mr. Beaver tries to prepare the sons and daughters of Adam to meet him.
“Who is Aslan?” asked Susan.
“Aslan?” said Mr. Beaver. “Why, don’t you know? He’s the King. He’s the Lord of the whole wood… He is in Narnia at this moment [and] He’ll settle the White Queen all right.”[i]
Lucy then asked, “Is – is he a man?”
Mr. Beaver replied sternly, “Aslan a man! …Certainly not. I tell you he is the King of the wood and the son of the great Emperor-beyond-the-Sea. Don’t you know who is the King of Beasts? Aslan is a lion – the Lion, the great Lion.”
As you may recognize, Aslan is the Christ character in the Narnia story.
“Ooh!” said Susan, “I’d thought he was a man. Is he – quite safe? I shall feel rather nervous about meeting a lion.”
“That you will, dearie, and no mistake,” Mrs. Beaver replied; “if there’s anyone who can appear before Aslan without their knees knocking, they’re either braver than most or else just silly.”
Then Lucy (the youngest of the four) said, “Then he isn’t safe?”
“Safe?” said Mr. Beaver; “don’t you hear what Mrs. Beaver tells you? Who said anything about safe? Of course he isn’t safe. But he’s good. He’s the King.”
Friends, today we are going to pick up our study of the book of 1 Corinthians, and we’re going to read a passage that may make us feel something of the discomfort that Lucy and Susan were experiencing in anticipation of meeting Aslan, the King of Beasts. Only, we’re not talking about a fictional character, and we’re not just talking about a lion that might tear our bodies to pieces.
Our passage today is a stark reminder (and one that is sorely needed in our day) that nearness to Christ is both a comfort and a dread. Jesus is the good and gracious Savior of sinners, but only the repenting and believing kind. For those who draw near to Christ (by attending church, by reading the Bible, by claiming the name or label “Christian,” and even by participating in the signs of the New Covenant – baptism and the Lord’s Supper), there is both a promise of blessing and a warning of cursing to be found there.
Jesus Christ is King! He’s King of the whole earth. And those of us who look to Him as our refuge and peace, we must approach Him on His terms. We must be careful not to presume upon His kindness. He is not safe, and we must not forget the danger He may become to us if we come near withoutthe two things He demands from us – repentance and faith.
Let’s read our passage for today, and then let’s consider what we might learn and apply from it.
Let’s stand together as I read… 1 Corinthians 10:1-22.
Scripture Reading
Scripture Reading
1 Corinthians 10:1–22 (ESV)
1 Corinthians 10:1–22 (ESV)
1 For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea, 2 and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, 3 and all ate the same spiritual food, 4 and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ. 5 Nevertheless, with most of them God was not pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness.
6 Now these things took place as examples for us, that we might not desire evil as they did. 7 Do not be idolaters as some of them were; as it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play.” 8 We must not indulge in sexual immorality as some of them did, and twenty-three thousand fell in a single day. 9 We must not put Christ to the test, as some of them did and were destroyed by serpents, 10 nor grumble, as some of them did and were destroyed by the Destroyer. 11 Now these things happened to them as an example, but they were written down for our instruction, on whom the end of the ages has come.
12 Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he fall. 13 No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to man. God is faithful, and he will not let you be tempted beyond your ability, but with the temptation he will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it. 14 Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
15 I speak as to sensible people; judge for yourselves what I say.
16 The cup of blessing that we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread that we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? 17 Because there is one bread, we who are many are one body, for we all partake of the one bread. 18 Consider the people of Israel: are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?
19 What do I imply then? That food offered to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything? 20 No, I imply that what pagans sacrifice they offer to demons and not to God. I do not want you to be participants with demons.
21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons.
22 Shall we provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we stronger than he?
Main Idea:
Main Idea:
God has given warnings, and He urges Christians to persevere, because He will only save in the end those who continue in repentance and faith.
Sermon
Sermon
1. Be Warned by Examples (v1-11)
1. Be Warned by Examples (v1-11)
Our passage this morning is nearly the end of a larger section of this letter from the Apostle Paul to the church in Corinth. The section we’ve been looking at for a while now began in the middle of ch. 6, and it ends with Paul’s summary at the conclusion of ch. 10. Paul has been talking about and calling for Christians to live regulated lives. They are to regulate their marriages according to God’s good design. They are to regulate their sexual desires, their time and devotion as single people, and even their freedoms… according to biblical ethics and Christian love.
The summary command is found at the end of ch. 6, and it’s the overarching directive of this whole section of Paul’s letter. He said, “You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body” (1 Cor. 6:19-20).
Our passage this morning comes at the end of all this teaching and application, and it is intended as a warning… a warning against negligence or disobedience… or a warning against living in an unregulated way.
Paul has been telling them that they should regulate themselves (that they should live with self-control, with godly wisdom, and with love for other Christians who don’t always see things the same way they do), but now Paul changes his tone a bit to offer a warning for those who might be inclined to neglect or to disobey this important feature of Christian living.
The first eleven verses of our text are pointing back to the people of Israel and 3-to-4 examples of what not to do. Paul wanted the Corinthians to remember that there had been a whole lot of people who once enjoyed unimaginable blessings from God, but who nevertheless suffered God’s judgment. And as is so common in the NT, Paul pointed to God’s OT people as an example for Christians.
Paul said, “I do not want you to be unaware, brothers [i.e., Christians], that our fathers [the people of God in the OT] were allunder the cloud, and all passed through the sea, and allwere baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea, and all ate the same spiritual food, and all drank the same spiritual drink” (v1-3).
Here, Paul is referring back to God’s deliverance of the people of Israel from captivity in Egypt. God brought them all out by His miraculous hand, He opened the sea so that they could all pass through on dry land, and He guided them all along the way with His own presence in the form of a cloud and a fire. You can read about this epic and historic event in the book of Exodus.
Not only did God deliver all of Abraham’s descendants, but He also preserved all of them by giving them food from heaven and water from a rock. Paul says that the “food” and the “drink” and even the “rock” was “spiritual” (v3-4), and by this he means that God Himself was the provider of those tangible things, but that these provisions were meant to point to something greater… namely that the Lord Himself was their salvation and their preserver.
There were two recorded occasions when God provided water for His people from a literal rock, once just after their escape from Egypt (Ex. 17:1-7) and a second time just before they entered the Promised Land (Num. 2-13). God also provided them with food from heaven (manna) every morning (and a double portion on Fridays, so that they wouldn’t have to collect it on the Sabbath). God did this for forty years… the entire time the people of Israel wandered in the wilderness, until the day after they entered the Promised Land (Joshua 5:12).
Again, all of this was marvelous and gracious provision to be sure, but it was ultimately pointing far beyond mere food and water. Paul says it explicitly there at the end of v4 when he says, “they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ” (v4). This is biblical theology with apostolic authority! Paul is telling them and us that the manna, the water, and even the rock from which the water came… all of these were pointing forward to Jesus.
Jesus Himself said, “[God] gave… bread from heaven…but my Father gives… the true bread… For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world… [and] I am the bread of life” (John 6:31-35). So too, Jesus claimed to be the true source of living water. He said, “whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again. The water that I give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life” (Jn. 4:13-14).
All of this is to say that these OT provisions of water and food, and even the salvation God provided for the descendants of Abraham (bringing them out of slavery in Egypt and into a land and a kingdom of their own), all of it was ultimately intended to point forward to a greater salvation through God’s Messiah or “anointed one” – Jesus Christ. And the greater salvation is the same for people who lived during the OT as it isfor people who live during and after the NT.
If any sinner is saved (from the time of Adam until Christ returns on the last day) it is always and only through faith or belief in the promise of God to save sinners. Old Testament saints believed God’s promise to save through someone who was to come – an “offspring,” a “prophet,” a “priest,” a “king,” and a “Messiah.” New Testament saints believe God’s promise to save through someone who already came – the God-man Jesus Christ, who was and is the fulfillment of all the types or shadows or prophecies of old.
Just because a person was an Israelite in the OT doesn’t mean that he or she will enter glory on the last day. And this is (I think) exactly what Paul is getting at in v5 of our passage. Paul said “all” of the Israelites had been “under the cloud” (v1). They “all” had “passed through the sea” (v1). They “all” had been “baptized into Moses” or stamped with a kind of sign for the Mosaic covenant (v2). They “all” had eaten “the same spiritual food” and drank “the same spiritual drink” (v3).
“Nevertheless,” Paul says in v5, “with most of them God was not pleased.” And we can know that God “was not pleased” with them because most all of those who left Egypt (even though they benefitted from God’s temporal blessings and even received God’s special revelation of Himself and His laws in the wilderness) they were “overthrown” (v5) or “laid low” (NASB) or “scattered” (NIV) in “the wilderness” (v5). In other words, they did not enter the Promised Land, but their corpses were strewn about the desert by the sword, by sickness, and by snakes.
They were among God’s people temporally, visibly, and nominally (because they were descendants of Abraham), but they were not under God’s blessing eternally, invisibly, or savingly(because they did not actually believe the promise of God to save and continue in repentance and faith). And this OT reality is an example of what happens among churches in the NT and beyond. Paul says in v6 and v11… “these things happened to them” (v11) “as examples for us” (v6).
Christians ought to hear about God’s judgment on the “idolators” at Mt. Sinai (Ex. 32:1-6), where “the people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play” (v7), and Christians ought to be warned. Christians ought to hear about God’s judgment on “sexual immorality” and those who embraced the sinful practices of the world around them (v8; Num. 25:1-9), and Christians ought to be warned. And Christians ought to hear about God’s judgment on the Israelites who “grumbled” against God’s providence and “put [Him] to the test” (v9-10; Num. 14:1-38, 21:4-9), and Christians ought to be warned… “that we might not desire evil as they did” (v6)… that we might not presume upon God’s grace and kindness.
Brothers and sisters, “these things happened to them as an example” for us, and we are the ones “on whom the end of the ages has come” (v11). In other words, God’s ultimate blessing and cursing is just around the corner. Christ will return, and He will bring both salvation and judgment to every person everywhere. We ought to remember that God doesn’t play around with rebellious and presumptuous sinners, even (especially) when they go by the name of “Christian.”
If God didn’t hold back His judgment from the descendants of Abraham who gave themselves over to living like unbelievers in the world, then why would we think that God will hold back from Gentiles like us… especially when we know so much more than those OT folks did about God’s grace and mercy in Christ!?
As the author of Hebrews says in ch. 10, “if we go on sinning deliberately after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a fearful expectation of judgment… Anyone who has set aside the law of Moses dies without mercy on the evidence of two or three witnesses. How much worse punishment, do you think, will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of God, and has profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has outraged the Spirit of grace? …It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” (Heb. 10:26-31)… Friends, be warned!
2. Be Careful to Persevere (v12-14)
2. Be Careful to Persevere (v12-14)
If you’re paying attention to the sermon so far, then you might be wondering, “Marc, are you saying that a Christian can lose his or her salvation?” And if you’re not wondering about this, then I’m sorry for not making my first point clearer and stronger. That is certainly one possible implication of the kind of stuff I’ve been saying, and I hope I’ve argued strongly enough that you’re feeling me push a bit in that direction. I amsaying that those who are called Christians (either by their own mouths or by affirmation of a whole congregation) can and do fall under God’s judgment all the time… People who think they are Christians, people who are called Christians, and even people who are baptized membersof local churches… people like this will be thrown into hell on the last day.
Now, to be clear, I believe the Bible teaches us that those who are born again, those who are regenerated, those who are truly saved… these will endure all the way to glory, and Christ will raise them to eternal life on the last day. In short, I do not believe that a Christian can lose his or her salvation. But I do believe that people can think wronglyabout their own spiritual state. I believe that people can misunderstandthe gospel, they can confuse what it means to be a Christian, and they can mistakenly think of themselves as Christians when they are not.
There are various pitfalls, traps, and snares alongside the pilgrim path, and many are they who stumble into them. Sometimes people believe false doctrine, sometimes they trust a false savior, and sometimes they simply presume upon God’s grace. And it’s this error of presumption or carelessnessor heedlessness that is our focus this morning, because that’s the focus of our passage.
In these three verses (in the middle of our text today), we find two imperatives (two commands) that spring from the examples that we’ve just been considering. Paul says, in v12, “Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest fall;” and in v14, “Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.”
The first command is “take heed” (v12) or “be careful” (NIV). The idea here is watchfulness or carefulness, and especially when it comes to sin. Paul explains in v13, “No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to man.” In other words, human nature and the temptation to sin is no different today than it has been since Genesis 3. The details change, the dates on the calendar change, but our proclivity (our inclination) towards that which is against God’s design and against God’s command is unchanging in this world.
This is not to say that Christians cannot grow in true holiness, however. The Scriptures teach us that Christians can and should “walk in newness of life” (Rom. 6:4). Romans 6 asks, “Are we to continue in sin that grace may abound?” (Rom. 6:1). “No,” is the answer. “By no means!” (Rom. 6:2). “How can we who died to sin still live in it? Do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness of life” (Rom. 6:2-4).
And the imperative in Romans 6 is the same as the imperative we’re looking at here – “take heed” (v12). The Scripture commands in Romans 6, “Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body, to make you obey its passions. Do no present your members to sin as instruments for unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life, and your members to God as instruments for righteousness. For sin will have no dominion over you, since you are not under the law but under grace” (Rom. 6:12-14).
Friends, the Christian is not someone who turns away from sin and aims for holiness in order to earn right-standing before God. But the Christian is someone who turns away from sin and aims for holiness because he or she has been given right-standing before God by the grace of Christ. And there is no such thing as a Christian who does not “take heed” (v12) or “be careful” (NIV) or “watch out for” temptation. We know we are regularly tempted… we know we will be tempted… and we depend upon God’s faithfulness to “escape” and “endure” it (v13).
When His disciples asked him how to pray, Jesus said, “Pray like this… lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil” We cannot endure temptation in our own power, and we must come to grips with the fact that temptation is going to be an everyday part of our Christian experience in this life. We must neither despair that we are still tempted toward shameful and scandalous sin, nor put down our guard and simply give ourselves over to it.
Brothers and sisters, we must “take heed” (v12)! We must strive for holiness! Not to make God happy with us, but to preserve our own souls! The seventeenth-century English Puritan John Owen famously wrote, “Be killing sin, or it will be killing you.”
The first imperative, then, in our passage is “take heed” (v12), and the second is “flee” or “run” or “escape” (v14). The specific object which Christians are to “flee” in v14 is “idolatry,” but we ought not think merely in terms of idol-worship. Idolatry is (in a sense) the spring of all sin, and the point here is that we are not to entertain it for one moment… Rather, we are to “flee” from it (v14).
You might think of these two imperatives or commands – “take heed” (v12) and “flee” (v14) – as tandem Christian responses to temptation and sin. We are to be careful to know that temptation is common and deeply rooted in our hearts, and we are to flee or run away from sin when we see it arise from within us or when it comes at us from the outside.
Friends, it is true that God saves repenting and believing sinners by His grace alone through Christ alone, and we ought to rejoice in the freeness of God’s grace. But our passage today also teaches us that those who are saved must persevere in repenting and believing, and we ought to be careful to persevere.
3. Do Not Provoke the Lord (v15-22)
3. Do Not Provoke the Lord (v15-22)
Our whole passage today is what we might call a “warning” passage. There are several of them in the NT, and if we are wise, we will not dismiss them. Instead, we must ask ourselves why God has put passages like this in the Bible.
We do not believe that the Bible contradicts itself. It is a harmonious book, without contradiction or error. So, when we come to a passage like this one that teaches us that a person can talk like a Christian and act like a Christian and even think he or she is a Christian but still end up suffering God’s judgment in hell on the last day, we must consider how such a passage complements those others that so clearly teach us that God preserves true Christians all the way to the end.
As I’ve been arguing this morning, true Christians persevere, and God is the one who is truly faithful, preserving repenting and believing sinners by His grace and power. But this is not to say that we are completely passive in our salvation. As a matter of fact, passages like this one help us to see (quite clearly) that we are not passive at all in our lives as disciples… We are called to vigorous activity.
Often, the Bible uses promises of blessing, teaching on the character of God, and the trustworthiness of Christ to motivate us to keep on repenting and believing. Since God has blessed us so, and since He has promised us such great blessings in the future, let us hold fast to our great hope! Since God is not like a man who changes his mind or goes back on his word, let us continue on trusting and obeying Him! Since Christ is a sufficient Savior, who completes the work He’s begun in and for those He loves, let us cling to Him!
But sometimes the Bible uses the warning of cursing and the danger of falling under God’s wrath to motivate us toward diligence in repenting and believing. Just like the old covenant, the New Covenant comes along with both blessings and curses, and we need to remember both.
The rest of our text this morning (v15-22) is Paul’s logical explanation of this reality. He calls his reader to “judge for yourselves what I say” or “consider” or “evaluate” what he explains in these verses (v15). And Paul points to the Lord’s Supper as a covenantal ordinance which exposes the participants… both to the benefits and to the obligations of the New Covenant.
He writes of the “cup of blessing” and the “bread that we break” as elements which (in some sense) make those who partake of them together “participants in the blood of Christ” and “participants in the body of Christ” (v16). In other words, partaking of the Lord’s Supper is a visible and outward display of participation in the New Covenant, which these elements represent. At the “table of the Lord” (v21), the “many” become “one body” (v17), and this is a covenantal act that signals a collective unity with one another and with Christ.
Now, the reason this is so critical to Paul’s warning about watching out for temptation and running away from sin, is that those who bear Christ’s name (i.e., Christians) are those who repent (turn from sin) and believe (trust and obey) Christ. And to participate in the visible sign of Christ’s covenant (the Lord’s Supper) without repentance and belief/faith is to expose oneself to the same sort of judgment that idolatrous Israelites suffered when they were destroyed in the wilderness. Paul says in v18, “Consider the people of Israel: are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?” (v18).
The New Covenant is not the same as the old, and there are many reasons that the New Covenant is far better. Christ is a better sacrifice, Christ is a better priest who advocates for His people forever, and Christ sends His Spirit to indwell His people (something that OT folks could only dream of). But there are similarities too, and both the New Covenant and the old bring humans near to God… which is wonderful, but it’s not safe… It’s actually quite dangerous.
Near the end of our passage, Paul contrasts two “tables” – the “table of the Lord” and the “table of demons” (v21). And it’s important for us to keep two things in mind about this contrast: (1) eating “food offered to idols” is not actually sin; but (2) eating and drinking “with demons” is the language of spiritual warfare.
You may remember (if you were here when we walked through 1 Corinthians 8), that Paul had already taught them that Christians are free to eat food that had been previously offered up as part of a pagan or idolatrous ceremony. Paul said that there is only one true God, and idols aren’t actually real anyway. He says the same in v19 of our passage here. Therefore, it isn’t mere eating or drinking that is a particular problem or sin.
Instead, what Paul is doing here is contrasting the life devoted to Christ (as is symbolized in the observance of the Lord’s Supper) and the life devoted to sin (as can be symbolized and epitomized by pagan ceremonies, which are ultimately demonic). In other words, to “drink the cup of the Lord” (v21) is to commit oneself to ongoing repentance (turning away from sin) and belief (trusting in and obeying Christ). But to “drink” the “cup of demons” (v21) is to live in keeping with idolatry… to live in disobedience… to neglect the commands of God… to ignore Christ’s call for His people to love Him and to obey Him.
And Paul’s final conclusion is that “You cannot drink the cup of the Lord” (i.e., call yourself a Christian, participate in the Lord’s Supper, remain a church member) and “drink” the “cup of demons” (i.e., continue in sin, neglect Christ’s commands, and live an unregulated life). In fact, Paul says that those who do both (claim the name of Christ but live as non-Christians) “provoke the Lord” (v22).
These last two questions in v22 should make us tremble if we are even remotely close to living a life that presumes upon God’s grace. Paul asks, “Shall we provoke the Lord to jealously? Are we stronger than he?” (v22).
Friends, God is a jealous God, and it is no small matter that Christ shares His name with sinners like us. Throughout the Old Testament, God repeatedly warned His people to be careful or to take heed not to sin like the rest of the people in the world do. And when the people of Israel sinned by living just like the pagans around them, God sent the worst kinds of judgments upon Israel. God judged other nations too, but you can read it for yourself and see that God’s fury and wrath was never greater than when the people who had been called by His own name lived in defiance of God’s authority and did not fear Him nor love Him.
This is what our passage is warning us about today as well. When we take upon ourselves the name of Christ, we are committing to live in a posture of ongoing repentance and faith. Only Christ can justify guilty sinners like us, and He alone is the Savior of sinners… but Christ will have no prideful rebels among His family. There are no mutinous citizens in Christ’s kingdom. And there are no branches on His vine that produce only thorns and thistles (Heb. 6:4-8).
If you believe you are a Christian today, then be warned by remembering that God’s judgment has fallen on people who thought they were “all good” before. If you believe you are a Christian today, then strive to persevere, remembering that only persevering saints will endure to the end. And if you believe you are a Christian today, then do not provoke the Lord… It is a terrible thing to fall into the hands of an angry God, and He is jealous for His great name.
May God help us to draw near to Christ, with hearts and lives marked by repentance and belief; and may we never forget that He is not safe, but He is good.
Endnotes
Endnotes
[i] This citation and all others regarding Narnia are taken from C. S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aland, Kurt, Barbara Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012.
Chrysostom, John. Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians. Edited by Philip Schaff. Logos Research Edition. Vol. 12. A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, First Series. New York, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1889.
Ciampa, Roy E., and Brian S. Rosner. The First Letter to the Corinthians. Logos Research Edition. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010.
New American Standard Bible: 1995 Update. Logos Research Edition. La Habra, CA: The Lockman Foundation, 1995.
Sproul, R. C., ed. The Reformation Study Bible: English Standard Version (2015 Edition). Logos Research Edition. Orlando, FL: Reformation Trust, 2015.
The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. Logos Research Edition. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2016.
The Holy Bible: King James Version. Electronic Edition of the 1900 Authorized Version. Bellingham, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 2009.
The Holy Bible: New International Version. Logos Research Edition. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984.
The NET Bible First Edition. Logos Research Edition. Biblical Studies Press, 2005.
Vaughan, Curtis, and Thomas D. Lea. 1 Corinthians. Logos Research Edition. Founders Study Commentary. Cape Coral, FL: Founders Press, 2002.