Sermon Tone Analysis

Matthew 21:1-17

!

Introduction

            Several weeks ago, at a rally in Toronto, a man drove close to the crowd and set himself on fire inside his van.

The firemen were near and when he did this, they broke the windows of his van and doused him with water and he was arrested.

One of the questions which was asked of this incidence was, “why?”

He did this at a farmer’s protest and they were wondering if his actions had something to do with the protest, but apparently they did not.

Such an action was unusual and people’s attention was drawn to it and the purpose of it was questioned.

Last summer, a woman in Winnipeg who was opposed to fogging for mosquitoes stood in the way to prevent the fogging.

She and others with her were arrested for their actions.

Her actions last summer were unusual, people’s attention was drawn to them and she had a purpose in what she did.

These are acted parables.

We may disagree with the purpose for which people do such things, but we cannot deny that they cause us to sit up and take notice and interact with the issue.

They are a visual way of drawing attention to a point.

Such acted parables also appear in the Bible.

For example, Ezekiel lay on his left side for 390 days to illustrate the sin of the people and then on his right side for 40 days.

By doing this, he drew attention to what God was saying to the people.

Jesus also did such acted parables.

One of them is the one we are celebrating today.

The triumphal entry is a dramatic act used to present a message from God. Jesus gathered his props - the donkey and her colt - and then chose the occasion and setting to enact his drama and make his point.

As Jesus did so, he was expecting a response from the people.

As we remember this drama today, we must also respond to the message of this drama.

It is not a story told for entertainment, it is a story told for response.

What is our response?

!

I. Look And See!

There were three elements to the presentation Jesus made in the triumphal entry.

One is the picture itself of Jesus riding a donkey and the people spreading garments and branches in the way; another is the prophetic statement about the meaning of the event and a third is the shout of the people.

What was Jesus trying to say with this event?

!! A. The Picture

            Jesus did this at a time when there were many people coming to Jerusalem for the annual Passover festival, as was required.

Those near to Jerusalem made this an annual pilgrimage, but those who had been scattered all over the world, would try to come as often as possible and at least once in their lifetime.

William Barclay says that a census taken 30 years later found that 250,000 lambs were slain at Passover.

A regulation existed that 10 people needed to share one lamb which would mean that there were as many as 2.5 million people in Jerusalem for Passover.

Jeremias, another writer, suggests that the number was more like 150,000.

In either case, the way to Jerusalem was filled with pilgrims making their way to the city for Passover.

Jesus chose to enter Jerusalem at this time on a donkey with her colt.

He deliberately chose this imagery in fulfillment of the prophecy in Zechariah 9:9, which we will examine in a few moments.

The picture itself, however, had a history and a meaning which the people would have understood.

The concept of a king riding a donkey in procession had precedence in Israel.

When David was getting old and the question of succession to the throne arose, David told the officials to take Solomon and make him king.

We read in I Kings 1:33,34, "(David) said to them: "Take your lord's servants with you and set Solomon my son on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.

There have Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him king over Israel."

The idea of placing cloaks and celebrating with branches was also not a foreign idea to the people.

When Jehu was received as king we read in II Kings 9:13, "They hurried and took their cloaks and spread them under him on the bare steps.

Then they blew the trumpet and shouted, "Jehu is king!"

When Jesus mounted the donkey, entered the city and people started spreading palm branches and garments before him, the people would have thought of a coming king because these things had happened before.

The idea of a king coming for Israel was deeply embedded in scripture and in their expectations.

When Jacob made his prophecies regarding his sons, he said of Judah, "The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs and the obedience of the nations is his."

God promised David in II Samuel 7:16,  "Your house and your kingdom will endure forever before me; your throne will be established forever."

The people took this as a promise of a coming eternal king.

This is reflected later when Jeremiah prophesied regarding a king coming from the line of David.

We read in Jeremiah 23:5-6, "The days are coming," declares the LORD, "when I will raise up to David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land."

The visible action of Jesus spoke deeply to the heart of people's expectations.

They expected a king and Jesus acted parable demonstrated that he was that king.

!! B. The Prophecy

            Matthew 21:5 indicates that this picture fulfills Zech 9:9.

Zechariah 9:9 is set in the context of a prophecy about the destruction of the nations.

It tells in the first part of that chapter of the coming destruction of Tyre, Ashkelon, Gaza, Ashdod and the Philistines.

At the same time, it also speaks about the promise of victory for the people of God.

It tells of a time when God would redeem his people from their enemies.

We read in Zechariah 9:8, "But I will defend my house against marauding forces.

Never again will an oppressor overrun my people, for now I am keeping watch."

Verse 9 then goes on to call for celebration because that victory has come through a king who comes into Jerusalem triumphant and bringing salvation.

All of their history, Israel had longed for God's salvation from their enemies.

In Zechariah the promise was given that a coming king would bring that salvation.

Jesus action was a deliberate announcement of the fulfillment of that promise.

But interestingly the prophecy also speaks about the method of the coming king.

He would come not in might and power, but in humility.

In the early part of the history of Israel, donkeys were commonly used in war and in royal processions.

Later, especially after Solomon built a large herd of horses, donkeys were not used and horses were used more.

By the time of Jesus, a donkey would have been looked at not as a powerful animal of war and conquest, but as a more lowly animal.

Jesus was deliberate in the choice of animal which he used to ride into the city.

He was making a statement that he came not in power, but in humility.

The passage in Zech 9:9 reflects this idea when it says, "gentle and riding on a donkey."

The word gentle means bowed down or lowly, or even suffering.

It reminds us that the coming king would gain victory in the manner of the suffering servant of Isaiah 53.

“He came not to destroy, but to love; not to condemn, but to help; not in the might of arms, but in the strength of love.”

This passage provides the immediate background for what Jesus did.

Jesus knew that this picture would remind the people of this passage.

The context of the passage would cause great rejoicing for the people because it implied the presence of their coming king and the promise of salvation.

!! C. The Praise

            Did the people understand these connections?

The words of praise which they shout certainly suggest that they did.

Matthew 21:9 is a quote from Psalm 118:26.

Psalm 118 is a Psalm which celebrates the victory of God's people out of imminent defeat.

It celebrates God as Savior.

We read in verse 14, "The LORD is my strength and my song; he has become my salvation."

In this context, we also have several pictures which relate to what Jesus was doing.

In vs. 25 we have a prayer, "O LORD, save us; O LORD, grant us success," which relates to the word "hosanna" which means "save now."

In verse 27 we have a mention about boughs in hand in the procession to the presence of God.

"The LORD is God, and he has made his light shine upon us.

With boughs in hand, join in the festal procession up to the horns of the altar."

Between these two verses, we have the main part of what is quoted by the people.

It says, "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD.

From the house of the LORD we bless you."

The Psalm was used as people came to the temple in Jerusalem.

They spoke it in hope, but when Jesus acted this parable, it was evident that they did not need to speak it in hope, but in acceptance of fulfillment.

In their proclamation, the people were declaring what Jesus was picturing.

They were declaring salvation from God.

They were declaring Jesus as the son of David and they were declaring him to be the one who came in the name of the Lord.

They were saying as they proceeded to Jerusalem, this is the coming one.